Charles Miller Fisher (December 5, 1913, Waterloo, Ontario – April 14, 2012, Albany, New York) was a Canadian neurologist whose notable contributions include the first detailed descriptions of lacunar strokes, the identification of transient ischemic attacks as stroke precursors, the identification of the link between carotid atherosclerosis and stroke, and the description of a variant form of Guillain–Barré syndrome which bears his name.[1][2]
During World War II, Fisher served as a surgical lieutenant in the Royal Canadian Navy, and was aboard HMS Voltaire when it was sunk by German gunfire in 1941 off the coast of Cape Verde. Fisher was captured and spent 3.5 years in a German prison camp, until late 1944 when he was released.[4]
Fisher is credited with describing the clinical syndrome of the transient ischemic attack ("mini-stroke").[1] Fisher proved, by a series of pathological studies, the relationship between stroke and the formation of blood clots in the heart in patients with atrial fibrillation. He also showed the relationship between stroke and carotid artery stenosis, which made preventive surgery possible and greatly reduced the incidence of subsequent strokes.[1] He was a founder of Massachusetts General Hospital Stroke Service.[6] He contributed greatly towards the current use of anticoagulants for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation.[5]
He contributed greatly to the understanding of stroke, more specifically carotid artery disease[1][5] and lacunar infarcts and their syndromes. With regard to the lacunar syndromes he described the concept,[7] the "pure motor stroke",[8] the "pure sensory stroke",[9] and the mechanism underlying the different stroke syndromes.[10][11][12]
^Fisher CM (1991). "Lacunar infarcts: a review". Cerebrovasc Dis. 1 (6): 311–20. doi:10.1159/000108861.
^Fisher CM (1956). "An unusual variant of acute idiopathic polyneuritis (syndrome of ophthalmolplegia, ataxia and areflexia)". N. Engl. J. Med. 255 (2): 57–65. doi:10.1056/NEJM195607122550201. PMID13334797.
^Adams, RD; Fisher, CM; Hakim, S; Ojemann, RG; Sweet, WH (1965). "Symptomatic Occult Hydrocephalus with Normal Cerebrospinal-Fluid Pressure — A Treatable Syndrome". New England Journal of Medicine. 273: 117-126. doi:10.1056/NEJM196507152730301. PMID14303656.
^Collins LG, Rovner BN, Marenberg MM (2009). "Evaluation and Management of Dementia". In Arenson C, Busby-Whitehead J, Brummel-Smith K, O'Brien JG, Palmer MH, Reichel W (eds.). Reichel's care of the elderly : clinical aspects of aging (6th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 180. ISBN9780521869294.