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F r o m W i k i p e d i a , t h e f r e e e n c y c l o p e d i a
Cadmium chloride
Ball-and-stick model of cadmium chloride Cadmium chloride in polyhedron shape
Names
IUPAC name
Cadmium dichloride
Other names
Cadmium(II ) chloride
Identifiers
CAS Number
(hemipentahydrate): 7790-78-5 Y
(monohydrate): 35658-65-2
3D model (JSmol )
(hemipentahydrate): Interactive image
(monohydrate): Interactive image
Beilstein Reference
3902835
ChEBI
ChemSpider
(hemipentahydrate): 17339510
(monohydrate): 4447434
ECHA InfoCard 100.030.256
EC Number
(hemipentahydrate): 813-696-3
Gmelin Reference
912918
KEGG
PubChem CID
(hemipentahydrate): 24978551
(monohydrate): 5284356
RTECS number
UNII
(hemipentahydrate): 2R707SXC9H Y
UN number
2570
CompTox Dashboard (EPA )
(hemipentahydrate): DTXSID4040183
InChI=1S/Cd.2ClH/h;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2 Y
Key: YKYOUMDCQGMQQO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Y
InChI=1/Cd.2ClH/h;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2
Key: YKYOUMDCQGMQQO-NUQVWONBAG
(hemipentahydrate): InChI=1S/2Cd.4ClH.5H2O/h;;4*1H;5*1H2/q2*+2;;;;;;;;;/p-4
Key: DZVRGWYMCGLNKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J
(monohydrate): InChI=1S/Cd.2ClH.H2O/h;2*1H;1H2/q+2;;;/p-2
Key: OISMQLUZKQIKII-UHFFFAOYSA-L
[Cd+2].[Cl-].[Cl-]
(hemipentahydrate): O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cd+2].[Cd+2]
(monohydrate): O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cd+2]
Properties
Chemical formula
Cd Cl 2
Molar mass
−1
Appearance
White solid, hygroscopic
Odor
Odorless
Density
4.047 g/cm3 [1] 3 3 [2]
Melting point
568 °C (1,054 °F; 841 K ) [2]
Boiling point
964 °C (1,767 °F; 1,237 K ) [2]
Solubility in water
Hemipentahydrate:[2] [3]
Solubility
Soluble in alcohol , selenium(IV ) oxychloride , benzonitrile ether , acetone [1]
Solubility in pyridine
4.6 g/kg (0 °C)[1]
Solubility in ethanol
1.3 g/100 g (10 °C)[1]
Solubility in dimethyl sulfoxide
18 g/100 g (25 °C)[1]
Vapor pressure
0.01 kPa (471 °C)[2]
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)
−6.87·10−5 cm 3 [2]
Viscosity
2.31 cP (597 °C)[1]
Structure
Crystal structure
Rhombohedral , hR9 (anhydrous)[4] Monoclinic (hemipentahydrate)[3]
Space group
R 3 [4]
Point group
3 [4]
Lattice constant
a c [4]
α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 120°
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C
74.7 J/mol·K[2]
Std molar (S ⦵ 298 )
115.3 J/mol·K[2]
Std enthalpy of (Δf H ⦵ 298 )
−391.5 kJ/mol[2]
Gibbs free energy (Δf G ⦵ )
−343.9 kJ/mol[2]
Hazards
GHS labelling
Pictograms
[5]
Signal word
Danger
Hazard statements
H301 , H330 , H340 , H350 , H360 , H372 , H410 [5]
Precautionary statements
P210 , P260 , P273 , P284 , P301+P310 , P310 [5]
NFPA 704
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD 50 median dose )
94 mg/kg (rats, oral)[1] [7]
NIOSH
PEL (Permissible)
[1910.1027] TWA 0.005 mg/m3 [6]
REL (Recommended)
Ca [6]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
Ca [9 mg/m3 [6]
Safety data sheet (SDS)
External MSDS
Related compounds
Other anions
Cadmium fluoride Cadmium bromide Cadmium iodide
Other cations
Zinc chloride Mercury(II ) chloride Calcium chloride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references
Chemical compound
Cadmium chloride is a white crystalline compound of cadmium and chloride , with the formula CdCl2 hygroscopic solid that is highly soluble in water and slightly soluble in alcohol . The crystal structure of cadmium chloride (described below), is a reference for describing other crystal structures. Also known are CdCl2 2 2 2 [2]
Structure [ edit ]
Anhydrous [ edit ]
Anhydrous cadmium chloride forms a layered structure consisting of octahedral Cd2+ centers linked with chloride ligands. Cadmium iodide , CdI2 iodide ions are arranged in a HCP lattice, whereas in CdCl2 chloride ions are arranged in a CCP lattice.[8] [9]
Hydrates [ edit ]
Subunit of CdCl2 H 2 O )2.5 . Color code: red = O (of H2 O ), blue = Cd, green = Cl.
The anhydrous form absorbs moisture from the air to form various hydrates . Three of these hydrates have been examined by X-ray crystallography .
Chemical properties [ edit ]
Cadmium chloride dissolves well in water and other polar solvents. It is a mild Lewis acid .[8]
CdCl2 − → [CdCl4 2−
Solutions of equimolar cadmium chloride and potassium chloride give potassium cadmium trichloride.[13] trigonal bipyramidal [CdCl5 3− ion.
Cadmium metal is soluble in molten cadmium chloride, produced by heating cadmium chloride above 568 °C. Upon cooling, the metal precipitates.[14]
Preparation [ edit ]
Anhydrous cadmium chloride can be prepared by the reaction of hydrochloric acid and cadmium metal or cadmium oxide .[14]
Cd + 2 HCl → CdCl2 2
The anhydrous salt can also be prepared from anhydrous cadmium acetate using hydrogen chloride or acetyl chloride.[15]
Industrially, it is produced by the reaction of molten cadmium and chlorine gas at 600 °C.[14]
The monohydrate, hemipentahydrate, and tetrahydrate can be produced by evaporation of the solution of cadmium chloride at 35, 20, and 0 °C respectively. The hemipentahydrate and tetrahydrate release water in air.[10] [11] [12]
Cadmium chloride is used for the preparation of cadmium sulfide , used as "cadmium yellow ", a brilliant-yellow stable inorganic pigment .[14]
CdCl2 + H 2 S CdS + 2 HCl
In the laboratory, anhydrous CdCl2 organocadmium compounds of the type R2 aryl or a primary alkyl . These were once used in the synthesis of ketones from acyl chlorides :[16]
CdCl2 + 2 RMgX → R 2 Cd MgCl2 + MgX2
R 2 Cd CdCl2
Such reagents have largely been supplanted by organocopper compounds , which are much less toxic.
Cadmium chloride is also used for photocopying , dyeing and electroplating .
Like all cadmium compounds, CdCl2 is highly toxic and appropriate safety precautions must be taken when handling it.
References [ edit ]
^ a b Seidell, Atherton; Linke, William F. (1919). Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds 169 .
^ a b c d "Cadmium Chloride - CdCl2" . chem.uwimona.edu.jm . Mona, Jamaica: The University of the West Indies. Retrieved 2014-06-25 .
^ a b c Sigma-Aldrich Co. , Cadmium chloride . Retrieved on 2014-05-23.
^ a b c NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0087" . National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^ "Cadmium compounds (as Cd)" . Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH) . National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^ a b N. N. Greenwood, A. Earnshaw, Chemistry of the Elements , 2nd ed., Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, UK, 1997.
^ A. F. Wells, Structural Inorganic Chemistry , 5th ed., Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 1984.
^ a b H. Leligny; J. C. Monier (1974). "Structure cristalline de CdCl2.H2O" [Crystal structure of CdCl2.H2O]. Acta Crystallographica B (in French). 30 2 ): 305–309. doi :10.1107/S056774087400272X .
^ a b H. Leligny; J. C. Monier (1975). "Structure de CdCl2.2,5H2O" [Structure of CdCl2.2,5H2O]. Acta Crystallographica B (in French). 31 3 ): 728–732. doi :10.1107/S056774087500369X .
^ a b H. Leligny; J. C. Monier (1979).『Structure de dichlorure de cadmium tétrahydraté』[Structure of cadmium dichloride tetrahydrate]. Acta Crystallographica B (in French). 35 3 ): 569–573. doi :10.1107/S0567740879004179 .
^ F. Wagenknecht; R. Juza (1963). "Potassium cadmium chloride". In G. Brauer (ed.). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed . Vol. 2. NY, NY: Academic Press. p. 1095.
^ a b c d Karl-Heinz Schulte-Schrepping; Magnus Piscator (2000). "Cadmium and Cadmium Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry doi :10.1002/14356007.a04_499 . ISBN 9783527306732
^ F. Wagenknecht; R. Juza (1963). "Cadmium chloride". In G. Brauer (ed.). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed . Vol. 2. NY, NY: Academic Press. pp. 1093–4.
^ J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry , 4th ed., p. 723, Wiley, New York, 1992.
External links [ edit ]
t
e
Cadmium(I )
Cadmium(II )
t
e
Salts and covalent derivatives of the
chloride ion
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cadmium_chloride&oldid=1229639983 " C a t e g o r i e s : ● C a d m i u m c o m p o u n d s ● C h l o r i d e s ● M e t a l h a l i d e s ● I A R C G r o u p 1 c a r c i n o g e n s H i d d e n c a t e g o r i e s : ● C S 1 F r e n c h - l a n g u a g e s o u r c e s ( fr ) ● C h e m i c a l a r t i c l e s w i t h m u l t i p l e c o m p o u n d I D s ● C h e m i c a l s u s i n g i n d e x l a b e l s ● C h e m i c a l a r t i c l e s w i t h m u l t i p l e C A S r e g i s t r y n u m b e r s ● C h e m i c a l a r t i c l e s w i t h m u l t i p l e P u b C h e m C I D s ● E C H A I n f o C a r d I D f r o m W i k i d a t a ● C h e m b o x h a v i n g G H S d a t a ● A r t i c l e s c o n t a i n i n g u n v e r i f i e d c h e m i c a l i n f o b o x e s ● C h e m b o x i m a g e s i z e s e t ● A r t i c l e s w i t h s h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n ● S h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n m a t c h e s W i k i d a t a ● C o m m o n s c a t e g o r y l i n k f r o m W i k i d a t a
● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 1 7 J u n e 2 0 2 4 , a t 2 2 : 3 7 ( U T C ) . ● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n . ● P r i v a c y p o l i c y ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● D i s c l a i m e r s ● C o n t a c t W i k i p e d i a ● C o d e o f C o n d u c t ● D e v e l o p e r s ● S t a t i s t i c s ● C o o k i e s t a t e m e n t ● M o b i l e v i e w
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