Relations were initially tense[1] between Turkey and Cameroon under PresidentAhidjo,[1] who used the police and security apparatus to eliminate people who were perceived to be his enemies.[1] Relations with Turkey improved considerably with Cameroon under Biya, who attempted to develop a freer and more democratic Cameroon with more freedom of speech and press. During this time, Turkey assisted Cameroon in building schools,[2] which contributed to the fact that relative to many African countries, Cameroon has a much higher proportion[2] of children in school. However, relations worsened after the crackdown on dissent following the 1984 coup attempt.[3]
Following the decline in prices and demand in petroleum, Cameroon's economy which is highly dependent on export of petroleum, deteriorated rapidly. By 1987, Cameroon became a Heavily indebted poor countries, which allowed access to additional funds.[4] Turkey joined the IMF, the World Bank, and other aid-giving countries in providing economic assistance to Cameroon.[5]
^ abcDelancey, Mark W. “Ahmadou Ahidjo.” In Political Leaders of Contemporary Africa, ed. Harvey Glickman. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1992.
^ abFonkeng, George Epah. The History of Education in Cameroon, 1844–2004. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 2007.
^Bansekam Cage. “The ‘Anti-gang’ Civil Militias in Cameroon.” In Civil Militia: Africa's Intractable Security Menace? ed. David J. Francis. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate, 2005.
^Geschiere, Peter, and Piet Konings, eds. Conference on the Political Economy of Cameroon—Historical Perspectives, Leiden, June 1988. Leiden, Nether- lands: African Studies Centre, 1989.
^Gros, Jean-Germaine, ed. Cameroon: Politics and Society in Critical Perspectives. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2003.
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Bansekam Cage. “The ‘Anti-gang’ Civil Militias in Cameroon.” In Civil Militia: Africa's Intractable Security Menace? ed. David J. Francis. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate, 2005.
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Delancey, Mark W. “Ahmadou Ahidjo.” In Political Leaders of Contemporary Africa, ed. Harvey Glickman. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1992.
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Fanso, Verkijika G. “Traditional and Colonial African Boundaries: Concepts and Functions in Inter-Group Relations.” Présence Africaine 137–138 (1986): pp. 58–75.
Fonkeng, George Epah. The History of Education in Cameroon, 1844–2004. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 2007.
French, Howard W. A Continent for the Taking: The Tragedy and Hope of Africa. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2004.
Geschiere, Peter, and Piet Konings, eds. Conference on the Political Economy of Cameroon—Historical Perspectives, Leiden, June 1988. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre, 1989.
Gros, Jean-Germaine, ed. Cameroon: Politics and Society in Critical Perspectives. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2003.
Ngoh, Victor J. Cameroon 1884–1985. Yaoundé, Cameroon: Navi, 1988.
Nkarey, Jules Sansterre. Afrique: L’histoire entre le Cameroun anglophone et le Cameroun francophone, de 1472 à 2003. Paris: Publibook, 2006.
Nugent, Paul. Africa since Independence: A Comparative History. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.
Tumi, Cardinal Christian Wiyghansai Shaagham. The Political Regime of Ahmadou Ahidjo and Paul Biya, and Christian Tumi, Priest. Douala, Cameroon: MACACOS S.A., 2006.
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