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Fringillidae
Carduelinae Vigors , 1825
The cardueline finches are a subfamily , Carduelinae , one of three subfamilies of the finch family Fringillidae , the others being the Fringillinae and the Euphoniinae . The Hawaiian honeycreepers are now included in this subfamily.[1] Except for the Hawaiian honeycreepers which underwent adaptive radiation in Hawaii and have evolved a broad range of diets, cardueline finches are specialised seed eaters, and unlike most passerine birds, they feed their young mostly on seeds, which are regurgitated.[2] Besides this, they differ from the other finches in some minor details of their skull.[2] They are adept at opening seeds and clinging to stems, unlike other granivorous birds, such as sparrows and buntings , which feed mostly on fallen seeds.[3] Some members of this subfamily are further specialised to feed on a particular type of seed, such as cones in the case of crossbills .[2] Carduelines forage in flocks throughout the year, rather than keeping territories, and males defend their females rather than a territory or nest.[4]
The name Carduelina[e ] for the subfamily was introduced by the Irish zoologist Nicholas Aylward Vigors in 1825.[5] [6] Carduelinae is derived from the Latin name carduelis and the binomial name Carduelis carduelis for a goldfinch , one of the species in the subfamily.[7]
List of genera [ edit ]
The Carduelinae subfamily contains 186 species divided into 49 genera. Of the 186 species, 15 are now extinct; these are the Bonin grosbeak and 14 Hawaiian honeycreepers.[8]
Mycerobas – contains four Asian grosbeaks
Hesperiphona – contains two American grosbeaks, the evening grosbeak and the hooded grosbeak
Coccothraustes – contains a single species, the hawfinch
Eophona – contains the two oriental grosbeaks, the Chinese and the Japanese grosbeak
Pinicola – contains a single species, the pine grosbeak
Pyrrhula – contains the eight bullfinch species
Rhodopechys – contains two species, the Asian crimson-winged finch and the African crimson-winged finch
Bucanetes – contains the trumpeter and the Mongolian finch
Agraphospiza – contains a single species, Blanford's rosefinch
Callacanthis – contains a single species, the spectacled finch
Pyrrhoplectes – contains a single species, the golden-naped finch
Procarduelis – contains a single species, the dark-breasted rosefinch
Leucosticte – contains six species of mountain and rosy finches
Carpodacus – contains the 28 Palearctic rosefinch species
Hawaiian honeycreeper group (formerly a separate family, Drepanididae)
† Melamprosops – contains a single extinct species, the poo-uli
Paroreomyza – contains three species, the Oahu alauahio , the Maui alauahio and the extinct kakawahie
Oreomystis – contains a single species, the akikiki
Telespiza – contains two species, the Laysan finch and the Nihoa finch
Loxioides – contains a single species, the palila
† Rhodacanthis – contains two extinct species, the lesser and the greater koa finch
† Chloridops – contains a single extinct species, the Kona grosbeak
Psittirostra – contains a single possibly extinct species, the ou
† Dysmorodrepanis – contains a single extinct species, the Lanai hookbill
Drepanis – contains two extinct species, the Hawaii mamo and the black mamo , and the extant iiwi
† Ciridops – contains a single extinct species, the Ula-ai-hawane
Palmeria – contains a single species, the akohekohe
Himatione – contains two species, the apapane and the extinct Laysan honeycreeper
† Viridonia – contains a single extinct species, the greater amakihi
† Akialoa – contains six extinct species
Hemignathus – contains five species, only one of which is extant, with two being possibly extinct
Pseudonestor – contains a single species, the Maui parrotbill
Magumma – contains a single species, the anianiau
Loxops – contains five species, of which one is extinct and one possibly extinct
Chlorodrepanis – contains three species, the Hawaii , Oahu and Kauai amakihi
† Orthiospiza – contains a single extinct species, the highland finch
† Vangulifer – contains two extinct species
† Xestospiza – contains two extinct species
Haemorhous – contains the three North America rosefinches
Chloris – contains the six greenfinches
Rhodospiza – contains a single species, the desert finch
Rhynchostruthus – contains the three golden-winged grosbeaks
Linurgus – contains a single species, the oriole finch
Crithagra – contains 37 species of canaries, serins and siskins from Africa and the Arabian Peninsula
Linaria – contains four species including the twite and three linnets
Acanthis – contains three redpolls
Loxia – contains six crossbills
Chrysocorythus – contains two species, the Indonesian serin and the Mindanao serin
Carduelis – contains three species including the European goldfinch
Serinus – contains eight species including the European serin
Spinus – contains 20 species including the North American goldfinches and the Eurasian siskin
References [ edit ]
^ Groth, 2001, pp. 552–553
^ a b c Newton, 1973, p. 31
^ Groth, 2001, p. 557
^ Groth, 2001, p. 558
^ Bock, Walter J. (1994). History and nomenclature of avian family-group names . Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History Issue 222. p. 264. hdl :2246/830 .
^ Vigors, Nicholas Aylward (1825). "Sketches in ornithology" . Zoological Journal . 2 (7 ): 398.
^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . London: Christopher Helm. p. 91 . ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David (eds.). "Finches, euphonias" . World Bird List Version 5.3 . International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 25 July 2015 .
Literature cited [ edit ]
Wikispecies : Carduelinae
AFD : Carduelinae
ITIS : 553466
NCBI : 37599
NZOR: a03eb6ed-2cee-40aa-9c8a-dd6ee49a42c3
Paleobiology Database : 186411
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carduelinae&oldid=1207201382 "
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