The top of the Capitanian (or the base of the Wuchiapingian) is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where the conodont subspecies Clarkina postbitteri postbitteri first appears.
The top of the Wuchiapingian (or the base of the Changhsingian) is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where the conodont species Clarkina wangi first appears. The global reference section is profile D at Meishan, in the type area in Changxing.
^Guadalupian (Middle Permian) Conodonts of Sponge-Bearing Limestones from the Margins of the Delaware Basin, West Texas. Kozur H. and Mostler H., Geologia Croatica, 1995, 48(2), pages 107-128 (abstract, retrieved 08 June 2016)
^ abPalaeoecology of the conodonts Hindeodus and Clarkina during the Permian–Triassic transitional period. Xulong Lai, Paul Wignall and Kexin Zhang, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, Volume 171, Issues 1–2, 1 July 2001, Pages 63–72, doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00269-3
