Colorimetry is "the science and technology used to quantify and describe physically the human color perception".[1]
It is similar to spectrophotometry, but is distinguished by its interest in reducing spectra to the physical correlates of color perception, most often the CIE 1931 XYZ color space tristimulus values and related quantities.[2]
Aspectrocolorimeter is a spectrophotometer that can calculate tristimulus values.
Adensitometer measures the degree of light passing through or reflected by a subject.[4]
Acolor temperature meter measures the color temperature of an incident illuminant.
Two spectral reflectance curves. The object in question reflects light with shorter wavelengths while absorbing those in others, lending it a blue appearance.
Indigital imaging, colorimeters are tristimulus devices used for color calibration. Accurate color profiles ensure consistency throughout the imaging workflow, from acquisition to output.
The absolute spectral power distribution of a light source can be measured with a spectroradiometer, which works by optically collecting the light, then passing it through a monochromator before reading it in narrow bands of wavelength.
Reflected color can be measured using a spectrophotometer (also called spectroreflectometerorreflectometer), which takes measurements in the visible region (and a little beyond) of a given color sample. If the custom of taking readings at 10 nanometer increments is followed, the visible light range of 400–700 nm will yield 31 readings. These readings are typically used to draw the sample's spectral reflectance curve (how much it reflects, as a function of wavelength)—the most accurate data that can be provided regarding its characteristics.
CRT phosphors
The readings by themselves are typically not as useful as their tristimulus values, which can be converted into chromaticity co-ordinates and manipulated through color space transformations. For this purpose, a spectrocolorimeter may be used. A spectrocolorimeter is simply a spectrophotometer that can estimate tristimulus values by numerical integration (of the color matching functions' inner product with the illuminant's spectral power distribution).[6] One benefit of spectrocolorimeters over tristimulus colorimeters is that they do not have optical filters, which are subject to manufacturing variance, and have a fixed spectral transmittance curve—until they age.[7] On the other hand, tristimulus colorimeters are purpose-built, cheaper, and easier to use.[8]
The CIE (International Commission on Illumination) recommends using measurement intervals under 5 nm, even for smooth spectra.[5] Sparser measurements fail to accurately characterize spiky emission spectra, such as that of the red phosphor of a CRT display, depicted aside.
Photographers and cinematographers use information provided by these meters to decide what color balancing should be done to make different light sources appear to have the same color temperature. If the user enters the reference color temperature, the meter can calculate the mired difference between the measurement and the reference, enabling the user to choose a corrective color gelorphotographic filter with the closest mired factor.[9]
The normals are lines of equal correlated color temperature.
^Ohno, Yoshi (16 October 2000). CIE Fundamentals for Color Measurements(PDF). IS&T NIP16 Intl. Conf. on Digital Printing Technologies. pp. 540–45. Archived from the original(PDF) on 15 May 2009. Retrieved 18 June 2009.
^ abcLee, Hsien-Che (2005). "15.1: Spectral Measurements". Introduction to Color Imaging Science. Cambridge University Press. pp. 369–374. ISBN0-521-84388-X. The process recommended by the CIE for computing the tristimulus values is to use 1 nm interval or 5 nm interval if the spectral function is smooth
^Andreas Brant, GretagMacbeth Corporate Support (7 January 2005). "Colorimeter vs. Spectro". Colorsync-users Digest. Archived from the original on 11 July 2018. Retrieved 6 May 2008.
^Raymond Cheydleur, X-Rite (8 January 2005). "Colorimeter vs. Spectro". Colorsync-users Digest. Archived from the original on 10 July 2018. Retrieved 6 May 2008.
Schanda, János D. (1997). "Colorimetry"(PDF). In Casimer DeCusatis (ed.). Handbook of Applied Photometry. OSA/AIP. pp. 327–412. ISBN978-1-56396-416-9. Archived from the original(PDF) on 17 September 2005. Retrieved 17 July 2008.
HunterLab – FAQ | How to Measure Color of a Sample & Use An Index A guide to measuring color and appearance of objects. The section provides information on numerical scales and indices that are used throughout the world to remove subjective measurements and assumptions.
Colorlab MATLAB toolbox for color science computation and accurate color reproduction (by Jesus Malo and Maria Jose Luque, Universitat de Valencia). It includes CIE standard tristimulus colorimetry and transformations to a number of non-linear color appearance models (CIE Lab, CIE CAM, etc.).
