The commercial determinants of health are the private sector activities that influence individual and group differences in health status.[2] Commercial determinants of health can affect people's health positively (such as sport or medical industries) or negatively (such as arms and tobacco industries).[2][3] They are part of the broader social determinants of health.
Corporate and business activities influences the social, physical and cultural environments in which people live. For example:[2][4]
Preference shaping through marketing, including product design (such as food formulation making it more or less healthy), packaging and advertising (enhancing the desirability and acceptability);
According to The Lancet, 'four industries (tobacco, unhealthy food, fossil fuel, and alcohol) are responsible for at least a third of global deaths per year'.[7]
^ ab"Ambient (outdoor) air pollution". who.int. World Health Organization. 19 December 2022. Retrieved 11 November 2023. Air pollution is one of the greatest environmental risk to health. [...] The combined effects of ambient air pollution and household air pollution are associated with 6.7 million premature deaths annually.
^Fact sheet "Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)". who.int. World Health Organization. 11 June 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2023. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally. An estimated 17.9 million people died from CVDs in 2019, representing 32% of all global deaths.
^Fact sheet "Cancer". who.int. World Health Organization. 3 February 2022. Retrieved 11 November 2023. Around one-third of deaths from cancer are due to tobacco use, high body mass index, alcohol consumption, low fruit and vegetable intake, and lack of physical activity.
^Fact sheet "Tobacco". who.int. World Health Organization. 31 July 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023. Tobacco kills more than 8 million people each year, including an estimated 1.3 million non-smokers who are exposed to second-hand smoke.
^Fact sheet "Alcohol". who.int. World Health Organization. 9 May 2022. Retrieved 11 November 2023. The harmful use of alcohol is a causal factor in more than 200 disease and injury conditions. Worldwide, 3 million deaths every year result from harmful use of alcohol.
^Fact sheet "Physical activity". who.int. World Health Organization. 5 October 2022. Retrieved 11 November 2023. People who are insufficiently active have a 20% to 30% increased risk of death compared to people who are sufficiently active.
