Cytoglobin is the protein product of CYGB, a human and mammalian gene.[5]
Cytoglobin is a globin molecule ubiquitously expressed in all tissues and most notably utilized in marine mammals. It was discovered in 2001[6] and named cytoglobin in 2002.[7] It is thought to protect against hypoxia. The predicted function of cytoglobin is the transfer of oxygen from arterial blood to the brain.[8]
Cytoglobin is a ubiquitously expressed hexacoordinate hemoglobin that may facilitate diffusion of oxygen through tissues, scavenge nitric oxide or reactive oxygen species, or serve a protective function during oxidative stress.[5][9]
CYGB expression can be used as a specific marker with which hepatic stellate cells can be distinguished from portal myofibroblasts in the damaged human liver.[10]
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PDB gallery
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1umo: THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF CYTOGLOBIN: THE FOURTH GLOBIN TYPE DISCOVERED IN MAN
1urv: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF CYTOGLOBIN: THE FOURTH GLOBIN TYPE DISCOVERED IN MAN DISPLAYS HEME HEXA-COORDINATION
1ury: CYTOGLOBIN CAVITIES
1ut0: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF CYTOGLOBIN: THE FOURTH GLOBIN TYPE DISCOVERED IN MAN DISPLAYS HEME HEXA-COORDINATION
1ux9: MAPPING PROTEIN MATRIX CAVITIES IN HUMAN CYTOGLOBIN THROUGH XE ATOM BINDING: A CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC INVESTIGATION
1v5h: Crystal Structure of Human Cytoglobin (Ferric Form)
2dc3: Crystal structure of human cytoglobin at 1.68 angstroms resolution
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