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Ancient Greek mythical character
Deianira Other names Deïanira, Deianeira, Diyeneira, Deyanire, or Dejanira Abode Calydon Parents Althaea and Oeneus or Dionysus or Dexamenus Siblings Meleager , Toxeus , Clymenus , Periphas , Agelaus , Thyreus , Gorge , Eurymede , Mothone , Perimede , Melanippe , and Tydeus (if Oeneus was her father)
Eurypylus , Theronice and Theraephone (if Dexamenus was her father)Consort Heracles Offspring
Ctesippus
Glenus
Onites
Macaria
Deianira , Deïanira , or Deianeira [1] DEE -ə-NY [2] Ancient Greek : Δηϊάνειρα , romanized : Dēiáneira Δῃάνειρα Dēáneira IPA: [dɛːiáneːra] Dejanira ,[3] Calydonian princess in Greek mythology whose name translates as "man-destroyer"[4] [5] [6] Heracles and, in late Classical accounts, his unwitting murderer, killing him with the poisoned Shirt of Nessus . She is the main character in Sophocles ' play Women of Trachis
Family
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Deianira was the daughter of Althaea and her husband Oeneus [7] Calydon (after the wine-god gave the king the vine to cultivate), and the half-sister of Meleager . Her other siblings were Toxeus , Clymenus , Periphas , Agelaus (or Ageleus ), Thyreus (or Phereus or Pheres ), Gorge , Eurymede and Melanippe .[8] [9]
In some accounts, Deianira was the daughter of King Dexamenus of Olenus [10] Eurypylus ,[11] Theronice and Theraephone .[12] Mnesimache [13] or Hippolyte .[14]
Deianira was the mother of Onites ,[15] Hyllus , Glenus , Onites , Ctesippus , and Macaria , who saved the Athenians from defeat by Eurystheus .
Mythology and literature
[ edit ] Heracles , Deianira and Nessus , black-figure hydria , 575-550 BCE, Louvre (E 803)Heracles and Deianira, antique fresco in Pompeii Nessus and Deianira, Enrique Simonet , 1888.
Marriage
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In Sophocles' account of Deianira's marriage, she was courted by the river god Achelous , but was saved from having to marry him by Heracles, who defeated Achelous in a wrestling contest for her hand in marriage.[16]
In another version of the tale, where she was described as the daughter of Dexamenus, Heracles raped her and promised to come back and marry her. While he was away, the centaur Eurytion appeared and demanded her as his wife. Her father, being afraid, agreed, but Heracles returned before the marriage and slew the centaur and claimed his bride.[17]
Deianira and the dying centaur Nessus telling her of the "love charm" / "love potion" (his own poisonous blood).
Deianira was associated with combat, and was described as someone who "drove a chariot and practiced the art of war."[18]
Death of Heracles
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The central story about Deianira concerns the Shirt of Nessus . A wild centaur named Nessus attempted to kidnap or rape Deianira as he was ferrying her across the river Euenos , but she was rescued by Heracles, who shot the centaur with a poisoned arrow . As he lay dying, Nessus persuaded Deianira to take a sample of his blood, telling her that a potion of it mixed with olive oil would ensure that Heracles would never again be unfaithful.
Deianira believed his words and kept a little of the potion by her. Heracles fathered illegitimate children all across Greece and then fell in love with Iole . When Deianira thus feared that her husband would leave her forever, she smeared some of the blood on Heracles' famous lionskin shirt . Heracles' servant, Lichas , brought him the shirt and he put it on. The centaur's toxic blood burned Heracles terribly, and eventually, he threw himself into a funeral pyre. In despair, Deianira committed suicide by hanging herself or with a sword.
Middle Age tradition
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She is remembered in De Mulieribus Claris Florentine author Giovanni Boccaccio , composed in 1361–62. It is notable as the first collection devoted exclusively to biographies of women in Western literature.[19]
Calydonian family tree
[ edit ]
Notes
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^ Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878). "Dejanira" Encyclopædia Britannica
^ P. Walcot, "Greek Attitudes towards Women: The Mythological Evidence" Rome , 2nd Series, 31 at JSTOR
^ Koine. Y. (editor in chief), Kenkyusha's New English-Japanese Dictionary , 5th ed., Kenkyusha, 1980, p.551.
^ Antoninus Liberalis , Notes and Commentary on Meleagrides sv. Deianira, p.111
^ Hammond, N. G. L.; Scullard, H. H., eds. (1970). The Oxford Classical Dictionary 319 . ISBN 0198691173
^ Hesiod , Ehoiai fr. 98 as cited in Berlin Papyri, No. 9777; Antoninus Liberalis, 2
^ Antoninus Liberalis, 2 Nicander's Metamorphoses
^ Hyginus , Fabulae 31 33
^ Pausanias , 7.19.9
^ Pausanias, 5.3.3
^ Apollodorus , 2.5.5
^ Diodorus Siculus , 4.33.1
^ Statius, Publius Papinius; Pollmann, Karla (2004). Statius, Thebaid 12: Introduction, Text and Commentary ISBN 978-3-506-71783-2
^ Wohl, Victoria (2010). "A Tragic Case of Poisoning: Intention Between Tragedy and the Law". Transactions of the American Philological Association . 140 (1 ): 53. doi :10.1353/apa.0.0046 . S2CID 159697583 .
^ Hyginus, Fabulae 31
^ Apollodorus, 1.8.1
^ Boccaccio, Giovanni (2003). Famous Women . I Tatti Renaissance Library. Vol. 1. Translated by Virginia Brown. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. xi. ISBN 0-674-01130-9
References
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Primary sources
[ edit ]
Antoninus Liberalis , The Metamorphoses of Antoninus Liberalis translated by Francis Celoria (Routledge 1992). Online version at the Topos Text Project.
Apollodorus , The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website .
Diodorus Siculus , The Library of History translated by Charles Henry Oldfather . Twelve volumes. Loeb Classical Library . Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1989. Vol. 3. Books 4.59–8. Online version at Bill Thayer's Web Site
Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica. Vol 1-2 . Immanel Bekker. Ludwig Dindorf. Friedrich Vogel. in aedibus B. G. Teubneri. Leipzig. 1888–1890. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library .
Gaius Julius Hyginus , Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
Hesiod , Catalogue of Women from Homeric Hymns, Epic Cycle, Homerica translated by Evelyn-White, H G. Loeb Classical Library Volume 57. London: William Heinemann, 1914. Online version at theio.com
Hesiod , Catalogue of Women
Ovid , Heroides 9
Ovid, Metamorphoses
Pausanias , Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. ISBN 0-674-99328-4 . Online version at the Perseus Digital Library
Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio. 3 vols . Leipzig, Teubner. 1903. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library .
Secondary sources
[ edit ]
Peck, Harry Thurston, Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities. New York. Harper and Brothers. 1898
Graves, Robert , The Greek Myths , 1955, 142.ff, 142.2,3,5
Graves, Robert, The Greek Myths: The Complete and Definitive Edition. Penguin Books Limited. 2017. ISBN 978-0-241-98338-6 , 024198338X
External links
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Deianira at Wikimedia Commons
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R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deianira&oldid=1222222790 " C a t e g o r i e s : ● P r i n c e s s e s i n G r e e k m y t h o l o g y ● F a m i l y o f C a l y c e ● W o m e n o f H e r a c l e s ● C h i l d r e n o f D i o n y s u s ● M e t a m o r p h o s e s c h a r a c t e r s ● A e t o l i a n c h a r a c t e r s i n G r e e k m y t h o l o g y ● S u i c i d e s i n G r e e k m y t h o l o g y ● G r e e k f e m i n i n e g i v e n n a m e s ● F e m i n i n e g i v e n n a m e s ● M a r i t i c i d e s H i d d e n c a t e g o r i e s : ● W i k i p e d i a a r t i c l e s i n c o r p o r a t i n g a c i t a t i o n f r o m t h e 1 9 1 1 E n c y c l o p a e d i a B r i t a n n i c a w i t h W i k i s o u r c e r e f e r e n c e ● W i k i p e d i a a r t i c l e s i n c o r p o r a t i n g a c i t a t i o n f r o m E B 9 ● A r t i c l e s w i t h s h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n ● S h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n i s d i f f e r e n t f r o m W i k i d a t a ● A r t i c l e s h a v i n g d i f f e r e n t i m a g e o n W i k i d a t a a n d W i k i p e d i a ● A r t i c l e s c o n t a i n i n g A n c i e n t G r e e k ( t o 1 4 5 3 ) - l a n g u a g e t e x t ● P a g e s w i t h G r e e k I P A ● C o m m o n s c a t e g o r y l i n k f r o m W i k i d a t a ● A r t i c l e s w i t h V I A F i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h B N F i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h B N F d a t a i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h G N D i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h J 9 U i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h L C C N i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h N K C i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h P L W A B N i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h S U D O C i d e n t i f i e r s
● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 4 M a y 2 0 2 4 , a t 1 7 : 3 8 ( U T C ) . ● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n . ● P r i v a c y p o l i c y ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● D i s c l a i m e r s ● C o n t a c t W i k i p e d i a ● C o d e o f C o n d u c t ● D e v e l o p e r s ● S t a t i s t i c s ● C o o k i e s t a t e m e n t ● M o b i l e v i e w
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