From 1993 to 2001, Shalala served as the 18th United States Secretary of Health and Human Services under President Bill Clinton. Shalala served as HHS secretary for all eight years of the Clinton administration, becoming the nation's longest-serving HHS secretary. She is the first Lebanese-American to serve in a Cabinet position. Shalala served as president of the University of Miami from 2001 through 2015, and also taught at the university during that period. She was president of the Clinton Foundation from 2015 to 2017.
Shalala's first experience with academic administration came on October 8, 1980, when she became the tenth president of Hunter College, serving in this capacity until 1988.[15][16]
Shalala next served as chancellor of the University of Wisconsin–Madison (1988–1993).[17] At the time of her chancellorship, the university included 42,000 students, employed 16,500 people, and had an annual budget of $1 billion.[4] She was the first woman to lead a Big Ten Conference school, and only the second woman in the country to head a major research university.[8][18]
Under Shalala's chancellorship and with her support, the university adopted a broad speech code subjecting students to disciplinary action for communications that were perceived as hate speech. That speech code was later found unconstitutional by a federal judge.[19] Also while chancellor, Shalala supported passage of a revised faculty speech code broadly restricting "harmful" speech in both "noninstructional" and "instructional" settings. The faculty speech code was abolished ten years later, after a number of professors were investigated for alleged or suspected violations.[20] As Madison chancellor, Shalala and then athletic director Pat Richter interviewed and hired football coach Barry Alvarez, who went on to become Wisconsin's all-time leader in football wins, with four appearances by Wisconsin in the Rose Bowl, including once as an interim coach.[21]
U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services (1993–2001)[edit]
Following a year serving as chair of the Children's Defense Fund (1992–1993), Shalala was nominated in 1992 by then President-elect Bill Clinton for the position of United States Secretary of Health and Human Services.[4]The Washington Post labeled her "one of the most controversial Clinton Cabinet nominees".[19] Her nomination went before the Senate Finance Committee in January 1993,[6] and the Senate voted to confirm her on January 22, 1993.[22] At the start of Shalala's tenure, the Department of Health and Human Services employed 125,000 people and had a budget of $539 billion.[4]
Shalala served as HHS secretary for eight years during the Clinton administration, becoming the nation's longest-serving HHS secretary.[23] In 1996, Shalala was the designated survivor during Clinton's State of the Union address.[24] She is the first Lebanese-American to serve in a cabinet position.[25]
In 2001, Shalala joined the boards of UnitedHealth and Lennar, where over the following decade she earned millions of dollars.[26][27] Shalala was paid almost a half-million dollars in 2010 to serve on the boards of three companies, two of which were run by University of Miami trustees.[28]
When she left Lennar in 2012, the company reported it was to avoid a "conflict of interest". Lennar's CEO, Stuart Miller, had joined the University of Miami Board of Trustees in 2002. Shalala rejoined Lennar in 2017 after she was no longer President of the University.[29] She has also been member of the advisory board of the Peter G. Peterson Foundation.
In 2001, Shalala became president of the University of Miami.[30] She created a University of Miami fundraising campaign called "Momentum", designed to raise the university's endowment from approximately $750 million to $1 billion; the goal was later increased to $1.25 billion by the end of 2007.[31]
In 2013, the University of Miami sold 88 acres of undeveloped Pine Rocklands, one of the last remnants of the imperiled habitat in Miami-Dade County outside of Everglades National Park, to Ram Realty Services, for $22 million. Miami New Times described this amount as "a complete steal for the developer in light of the relative worth of nearby property." Also in 2013, Ram Realty and Lennar Corp worked on at least one project together in North Carolina.[29] When Shalala ran for the U.S. Congress in 2018, her candidacy was opposed by local environmentalists for her part in the sale of the University of Miami pine rocklands site.[29]
Shalala faced some criticism for her response to a nationally publicized custodial workers' strike at the University of Miami, which lasted from February 28, 2006, until May 1, 2006. Critics called the University of Miami's custodial workers among the lowest paid university-based custodians in the nation and alleged they were not earning a living wage. The strike prompted Shalala to raise wages. Shalala was also criticized for living in luxury while the custodians did not have health insurance.[32] Shalala criticized union organizer's tactics, including a sit-in that she said prevented students from attending classes.[32]
On September 8, 2014, Shalala announced that she would be stepping down at the end of the 2014–2015 academic year.[33]
In 2015, Shalala took a leave of absence from her tenured professorship at the University of Miami to volunteer for the Clinton Foundation.[34] She followed her tenure as president of the University of Miami by being named chief executive officer of the Foundation,[35] serving in that capacity from 2015 to 2017.[36][37]
According to The New York Times, Chelsea Clinton helped persuade Shalala to leave the University of Miami, move to New York and head the foundation.[38] Shalala maintained a home in Miami and taught part-time at the University of Miami while heading the foundation in New York.[34]
Shalala led the Clinton Foundation during the 2016 presidential election, in which Hillary Clinton was a leading candidate and the propriety of the foundation's activity came under scrutiny.[34] In a September 14, 2016, interview on MSNBC, Shalala admitted that there was "no question" that donors to the Clinton Foundation had been given "courtesy appointments" in the State Department while Hillary Clinton ran that department.[39] Shalala oversaw the termination of the Clinton Global Initiative during her tenure as CEO,[34] as well as other reductions in operations intended to avoid conflicts of interest if Clinton won the election.[40] She resisted calls by The Washington Post and USA Today to shut down the foundation entirely, arguing that "there are human beings around the world who would be affected by these decisions."[41]
Shalala left the Clinton Foundation in April 2017 to return to her full-time teaching position at the University of Miami, replacing her former HHS deputy Kevin Thurm.[34]
Following a September 2015 Clinton Global Initiative event held at the Sheraton New York hotel, Shalala fell ill. It was subsequently reported in a Clinton Foundation statement that she had suffered a stroke.[38][42] In early 2018, she said she had recovered.[43]
In March 2018, Shalala declared her candidacy in the Democratic primary for Florida's 27th congressional district.[44][45] The district included just over half of Miami as well as some of its eastern suburbs.[46] The district voted for Clinton by a comfortable margin in the 2016 presidential election, but its House seat was held by 30-year incumbent Republican Ileana Ros-Lehtinen,[43] who had announced that she would retire at the conclusion of her term.[46]
In an interview with WFOR-TV, Shalala stated that she supported universal healthcare coverage, but opposed a Medicare For Allsingle-payer healthcare system because she believed that individuals who liked their current employment-based healthcare plans should be able to keep them.[47] On August 28, 2018, Shalala won the Democratic five-candidate primary over state RepresentativeDavid Richardson. The outcome of the race was substantially closer than polling predicted, which had her leading consistently by double digits. She won with 31.9 percent of the vote, vs. 27.5% for Richardson.[48]
Shalala ran against Republican candidate María Elvira Salazar, an anchorwoman for Miami Telemundo outlet WSCV, in the general election. Shalala's campaign emphasized her experience and sought to tie Salazar to PresidentDonald Trump, who was unpopular in the district.[46] The race proved closer than expected, in part because Shalala does not speak Spanish; the 27th district is over 63 percent Latino. As late as a month before the election, polls showed Shalala either behind or practically tied with Salazar.[49] However, Shalala won the election at the age of 77, making her the third-oldest freshman Representative in history[46][50] after William Lewis of Kentucky who was elected at the age of 79 in 1948 and James B. Bowler of Illinois who was elected at the age of 78 in 1953.
In the 2020 general election, Shalala ran against Republican Salazar again. On November 3, 2020, Shalala was defeated by Salazar.[53] Salazar received 51.4% (176,141 votes) of the vote to Shalala's 48.6% (166,758 votes).[54]
On September 28, 2020, the Miami Herald reported that Shalala failed to publicly report two additional stock trades in violation of the STOCK Act disclosure rules.[61]
Following the departure of Dwight A. McBride, Shalala was appointed as interim president of the New School, becoming the first female president of the university.[63] Following student demands, Shalala's administration listed the property assigned to the president for $20 million.[64][65] On October 9th, 2023, Shalala came under harsh criticism from pro-Palestinian faculty and student groups after emailing a statement about the October 7th attacks that did not acknowledge lives lost in Gaza. [66] The following morning, she issued another statement that included Palestinian recognition as well as an apology for her previous exclusion. [66] The New School, like other universities, continue to be protested for connections to the Israeli occupation, including its 14-year association with the Center for Jazz Studies at the Israel Conservatory of Music.[67]
Shalala also served as a panelist on the Blue Ribbon Study Panel on Biodefense, a working group of former high-ranking government officials and academic experts that put together a set of recommendations regarding the United States' defense capabilities against biological threats.[77][better source needed]
^Stripling, Jack; Board Conflicts Abound for College Chiefs; Chronicle of Higher Education; January 15, 2012; [1]Archived October 31, 2018, at the Wayback Machine
