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C o o r d i n a t e s : 18 h 18 m 48 s , − 1 3 ° 4 9 ′ 00 ″
F r o m W i k i p e d i a , t h e f r e e e n c y c l o p e d i a
Open cluster in the constellation Serpens
Three-colour composite mosaic image of the Eagle Nebula, with north at top. Credit: ESO
Observation data: J2000.0 epoch
18 h 18 m 48 s [1]
−13° 49 ′[1]
5,700±400 ly (1,740±130[2] pc )
6.4[3]
70 x 50 arcmins [citation needed ]
Serpens
70×55 (cluster 15)[citation needed ] ly
-8.21[citation needed ]
1–2 million years old[citation needed ]
Messier 16, NGC 6611,[1] Sharpless 49, RCW 165, Cr 375, Gum 83, Star Queen Nebula
The Eagle Nebula (catalogued as Messier 16 or M16 , and as NGC 6611 , and also known as the Star Queen Nebula ) is a young open cluster of stars in the constellation Serpens , discovered by Jean-Philippe de Cheseaux in 1745–46. Both the "Eagle" and the "Star Queen" refer to visual impressions of the dark silhouette near the center of the nebula,[4] [5] an area made famous as the "Pillars of Creation " imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope . The nebula contains several active star-forming gas and dust regions, including the aforementioned Pillars of Creation. The Eagle Nebula lies in the Sagittarius Arm of the Milky Way .
Characteristics [ edit ]
Wide field view of the Eagle nebula
The Eagle Nebula is part of a diffuse emission nebula , or H II region , which is catalogued as IC 4703 . This region of active current star formation is about 5700 light-years distant. A spire of gas that can be seen coming off the nebula in the northeastern part is approximately 9.5 light-years or about 90 trillion kilometers long.[6]
The cluster associated with the nebula has approximately 8100 stars, which are mostly concentrated in a gap in the molecular cloud to the north-west of the Pillars.[7]
The brightest star (HD 168076) has an apparent magnitude of +8.24, easily visible with good binoculars. It is actually a binary star formed of an O3.5V star plus an O7.5V companion.[8] This star has a mass of roughly 80 solar masses , and a luminosity up to 1 million times that of the Sun .
The cluster's age has been estimated to be 1–2 million years.[9]
The descriptive names reflect impressions of the shape of the central pillar rising from the southeast into the central luminous area. The name "Star Queen Nebula" was introduced by Robert Burnham, Jr. , reflecting his characterization of the central pillar as the Star Queen shown in silhouette.[5]
"Pillars of Creation" region[ edit ]
Images produced by Jeff Hester and Paul Scowen using the Hubble Space Telescope in 1995 greatly improved scientific understanding of processes inside the nebula. One of these became famous as the "Pillars of Creation ", depicting a large region of star formation. Its small dark pockets are believed to be protostars (Bok globules ). The pillar structure resembles that of a much larger instance in the Soul Nebula of Cassiopeia , imaged with the Spitzer Space Telescope in 2005[10] equally characterized as "Pillars of Star Creation".[11] or "Pillars of Star Formation".[12] These columns – which resemble stalagmites protruding from the floor of a cavern – are composed of interstellar hydrogen gas and dust, which act as incubators for new stars. Inside the columns and on their surface astronomers have found knots or globules of denser gas, called EGGs ("Evaporating Gaseous Globules"). Stars are being formed inside some of these.
X-ray images from the Chandra observatory compared with Hubble's "Pillars" image have shown that X-ray sources (from young stars) do not coincide with the pillars, but rather randomly dot the nebula.[13] Any protostars in the pillars' EGGs are not yet hot enough to emit X-rays.[citation needed ]
Evidence from the Spitzer Space Telescope originally suggested that the pillars in M16 may be threatened by a "past supernova". Hot gas observed by Spitzer in 2007 suggested they were already – likely – being disturbed by a supernova that exploded 8,000 to 9,000 years ago. Due to the distance the main blast of light would have reached Earth for a brief time 1,000 to 2,000 years ago. A more slowly moving, theorized, shock wave would have taken a few thousand years to move through the nebula and would have blown away the delicate pillars. However, in 2014 the pillars were imaged a second time by Hubble, in both visible light and infrared light. The images being 20 years later provided a new, detailed account of the rate of evaporation occurring within the pillars. No supernova is evidenced within them, and it is estimated in some form they still exist – and will appear for at least 100,000 more years.
Gallery [ edit ]
Locator of well-known areas in the nebula
The "
Pillars of Creation " within the Eagle Nebula
A higher-resolution HST image of the "Pillars of Creation" was taken 20 years after the original.
The pillars are more transparent in this
ESO infrared view.
HST infrared view
The "Black Pillar" spire on the eastern perimeter is about 9.5 light-years long.
Open cluster within the Eagle Nebula
Northwestern part of the region, well away from the centre
Starless version edit of the M16 Eagle Nebula, showing also the Pillars of Creation. Image total exposure of 15 hours, taken from a Bortle 7 in Nicosia, Cyprus
The Eagle Nebula captured in the SHO Hubble palette with 3nm filters
The "Pillars of Creation" captured by
JWST NIRCam [14]
Eagle Nebula ("Pillars" in circle;
WISE ; 11 November 2022
See also [ edit ]
References [ edit ]
^
Kuhn, Michael A.; Hillenbrand, Lynne A.; Sills, Alison; Feigelson, Eric D.; Getman, Konstantin V. (2018). "Kinematics in Young Star Clusters and Associations with Gaia DR2" . The Astrophysical Journal . 870 (1 ): 32. arXiv :1807.02115 . Bibcode :2019ApJ...870...32K . doi :10.3847/1538-4357/aaef8c . S2CID 119328315 .
^ "Messier 16" . SEDS Messier Catalog . Archived from the original on 13 May 2022. Retrieved 28 April 2022 .
^ Martin MacPhee (8 July 2014). "The awesome beauty of M16, the Eagle Nebula" . EarthSky . Retrieved 25 September 2015 .
^ a b Robert Burnham Jr. (1978). Burnham's Celestial Handbook . Dover. pp. 1786, 1788 . ISBN 978-0-486-23673-5 .
^ "The Eagle has risen: Stellar spire in the Eagle Nebula" . 25 April 2005. Retrieved 9 May 2021 .
^
Kuhn, M. A.; et al. (2015). "The Spatial Structure of Young Stellar Clusters. II. Total Young Stellar Populations". Astrophysical Journal . 802 (1 ): 60. arXiv :1501.05300 . Bibcode :2015ApJ...802...60K . doi :10.1088/0004-637X/802/1/60 . S2CID 119309858 .
^ Sana, H.; Gosset, E.; Evans, C. J. (2009). "The massive star binary fraction in young open clusters – II. NGC 6611 (Eagle Nebula)". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . 400 (3 ): 1479–1492. arXiv :0909.0486 . Bibcode :2009MNRAS.400.1479S . doi :10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15545.x . S2CID 14271184 .
^ Hillenbrand, Lynne A.; Massey, Philip; Strom, Stephen E.; Merrill, K. Michael (1993). "NGC 6611: A cluster caught in the act" . The Astronomical Journal . 106 : 1906. Bibcode :1993AJ....106.1906H . doi :10.1086/116774 .
^ "Spitzer Captures Cosmic "Mountains Of Creation" " . Spacedaily.com. Retrieved 2012-04-01 .
^ Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds. (16 September 2008). "W5: Pillars of Star Creation" . Astronomy Picture of the Day . NASA .
^ Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds. (20 November 2011). "W5: Pillars of Star Formation" . Astronomy Picture of the Day . NASA .
^ "Chandra, Photo Album, The Eagle Nebula (M16), 15 Feb 07" . Chandra.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2012-04-01 .
^ Overbye, Dennis (19 October 2022). "Webb Telescope Captures New View of 'Pillars of Creation' - The NASA space observatory's infrared eye finds out what's going on within the cloudy cosmic nursery" . The New York Times . Retrieved 21 October 2022 .
External links [ edit ]
The Eagle Nebula on WikiSky : DSS2 , SDSS , GALEX , IRAS , Hydrogen α , X-Ray , Astrophoto , Sky Map , Articles and images
The Eagle's EGGs – ESO Photo Release
ESO: An Eagle of Cosmic Proportions incl. Photos & Animations
ESO: VST Captures Three-In-One incl. Photos & Animations
M16 @ Seds.org , SEDS Messier page on M16
Spacetelescope.org , Hubble telescope images on M16
Darkatmospheres.com , Eagle Nebula M16 (wide)
NASA.gov , APOD February 8, 2009 picture Eagle Nebula
Szymanek, Nik ; Lawrence, Pete; Crowther, Paul; Merrifield, Michael. "M16 – Eagle Nebula" . Deep Sky Videos . Brady Haran .
Eagle Nebula (Messier 16) at Constellation Guide
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6666
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6789
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6990
6991
6992
6993
6994
6995
6996
6997
6998
6999
δ
ε
ζ
η
θ (Alya)
ι
κ (Gudja)
λ
μ
ν
ξ
ο
π
ρ
σ
τ1
τ2
τ3
τ4
τ5
τ6
τ7
τ8
υ
φ
χ
ψ
ω
4
5
6
7
8
10
11 (A 1 )
14
16
25 (A 2 )
29
36 (b )
39
40
43
45
46
47
59 (d )
60 (c )
61
64
3 Her
47 Oph
W
X
RT
UZ
VV
VY
WX
AA
AN
AO
AP
AR
AU
BQ
CT
CV
CW
EG
FH
FI
FK
FL
FQ
FR
LV
LW
LX
MR
MS
MT
MV
MY
NN
NO
NQ
NW
OO
OU
PS
QV
QX
QY
V382
V411
5690
5692
5706
5711
5740
5745
5783
5796
5831
5850
5859
5861
5874
5909
5913
5931
5992
6005
6011
6014
6016
6449
6496
6544
6562
6568
6600
6620
6666
6681
6755
6756
6757
6785
6830
6840
6843
6858
6890
6898
6928
6993 (e )
6999
7008
7048
7076
7144
135615
136027
136118
138085
142245
143436
145936
146740
157969
168112
168443
168746 (Alasia)
175541 (Kaveh)
AS 296
9
11
22
23
27
Gliese 701
Gliese 710
GJ 1224
GX 17+2
IRAS 18418-0440
MWC 297
MWC 922
PG 1510+234
PG 1605+072
PSR B1534+11
PSR J1719−1438
Ross 508
Serpens FIRS 1
Serpens SVS 20
Serpens X-1
W40 IRS 1A South
CoRoT-27b
HD 168746 b (Onasilos)
HD 175541 b (Kavian)
ω Serpentis b
NGC 6605
Messier 5
Messier 16
Serpens OB2
Serpens South
Palomar 5
L183
L483
Serpens cloud
Sh2-54
Westerhout 40
Red Square Nebula
S68
5913
5919
5920
5921
5926
5928
5931
5936
5937
5940
5942
5941
5944
5951
5953
5954
5952
5956
5955
5957
5960
5962
5964
5970
5972
5975
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5980
5983
5984
5988
5991
5990
5994
5996
5997
6003
6004
6008
6006
6007
6009
6012
6010
6014
6020
6017
6018
6021
6022
6023
6027
6027a
6027b
6027c
6027d
6027e
6029
6033
6037
6036
6051
6063
6065
6066
6070
6080
6100
6118
6172
318
321
323.1
324
326
Arp 72
Arp 220
4C 11.50
CGCG 049-033
Hoag's Object
IC 4537
IC 4588
IRAS 15107+0724
NRAO 530
PDS 456
PG 1553+113
PGC 54493
PKS 1546+027
AWM 4
MKW 3s
Seyfert's Sextet
SN 2004dk
Stars
Outer space
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eagle_Nebula&oldid=1209067565 "
C a t e g o r i e s :
● C a r i n a – S a g i t t a r i u s A r m
● M e s s i e r o b j e c t s
● S e r p e n s
● O p e n c l u s t e r s
● N G C o b j e c t s
● H I I r e g i o n s
● S h a r p l e s s o b j e c t s
● A s t r o n o m i c a l o b j e c t s d i s c o v e r e d i n 1 7 4 5
● S t a r - f o r m i n g r e g i o n s
H i d d e n c a t e g o r i e s :
● A r t i c l e s w i t h s h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n
● S h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n i s d i f f e r e n t f r o m W i k i d a t a
● A l l a r t i c l e s w i t h u n s o u r c e d s t a t e m e n t s
● A r t i c l e s w i t h u n s o u r c e d s t a t e m e n t s f r o m F e b r u a r y 2 0 2 1
● A r t i c l e s w i t h u n s o u r c e d s t a t e m e n t s f r o m M a r c h 2 0 0 8
● C o m m o n s l i n k i s l o c a l l y d e f i n e d
● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 2 0 F e b r u a r y 2 0 2 4 , a t 0 4 : 1 0 ( U T C ) .
● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n .
● P r i v a c y p o l i c y
● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a
● D i s c l a i m e r s
● C o n t a c t W i k i p e d i a
● C o d e o f C o n d u c t
● D e v e l o p e r s
● S t a t i s t i c s
● C o o k i e s t a t e m e n t
● M o b i l e v i e w