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Military unit
The Eastern Command is one of the six operational commands of the Indian Army . It is headquartered in Fort William in the city of Kolkata in the state of West Bengal . The Eastern Command was formed on 1 November 1920.[1] The Command is commanded by a three-star rank officer with the title General Officer Commanding-in-Chief (GOC-in-C).
Lieutenant General Ram Chander Tiwari is the current GOC-in-C of Eastern Command.[2]
History [ edit ]
Early history [ edit ]
The Presidency armies were abolished with effect from 1 April 1895 when the three Presidency armies of Bengal , Bombay , and Madras became the Indian Army .[3] The Indian Army was divided into four Commands: Bengal Command, Bombay Command, Madras Command and Punjab Command, each under a lieutenant general .[3]
Between 1904 and 1908, the Bengal Command became the Eastern Command. In 1908, the four commands were merged into two Armies – Northern Army and Southern Army – as recommended by the then Commander-in-Chief, Indian Army , Lord Kitchener . This system persisted until 1920 when the arrangement reverted to four commands again: Eastern Command, Northern Command, Southern Command and Western Command.[3]
On 1 November 1920, the Eastern Command was formed, with its summer headquarters in Nainital and winter headquarters in Lucknow . General Sir Havelock Hudson , become its first Commander.[4]
Second World War [ edit ]
In 1942, the command had the following formations under it:
On 21 April 1942, the command was re-designated as Eastern Army.[5] Its headquarters moved to Barrackpore to fight the World War II . The Chindits were raised and launched into operations in 1943, by the 77th Indian Infantry Brigade , a unit of the Eastern Command.[6]
In October 1943, the Fourteenth Army was formed and was given responsibility of the area east of the Meghna River . With this, the Eastern Army retained responsibility of the area west of the river.[7]
After the war, on 23 March 1947, the Command HQ moved to Ranchi . The HQ was later moved to Lucknow in 1955. However on 1 May 1963, post the Sino-Indian War ; the Central Command was re-raised and Lucknow was made its HQ, while Kolkata was made HQ Eastern Command.[8]
Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 [ edit ]
Pakistan's Lt. Gen. A. A. K. Niazi signing the Instrument of Surrender under the gaze of Lt. Gen. J. S. Aurora , the head of Indian Army's Eastern Command, on 16 December 1971, in Dhaka .
The Command had the overall responsibility of the eastern theatre of the 13-day war. The command had the two existing infantry corps – IV Corps and XXXIII Corps and raised another – II Corps . Apart from this, the 101 Communication Zone was re-organised as a Division -sized combat formation.
Lieutenant General J S Arora , as the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Command, commanded all Indian and Bangladesh Forces in the eastern theatre.
The Order of Battle of the Eastern Command during the war was:
II Corps (HQ - Krishnanagar) (GOC - Lieutenant General T N Raina )
50th Independent Parachute Brigade (less 2 Para Bn Gp) – Brigadier M Thomas
8th Mountain Artillery Brigade
58th, 68th and 263rd Engineering Regiments
9th Infantry Division (GOC - Major General Dalbir Singh)
32 Infantry Brigade – Brigadier M Tewari
42 Infantry Brigade – Brigadier J. M. Jhoria
350 Infantry Brigade – Brigadier H. S. Sandhu
9th Artillery Brigade
4th Mountain Division (HQ - Krishnanagar) (GOC - Major General M S Barar)
7th Mountain Brigade – Brigadier Zail Singh
41st Mountain Brigade – Brigadier Tony Michigan
62nd Mountain Brigade - Brigadier Rajinder Nath
4th Mountain Artillery Brigade
IV Corps (HQ - Agartala) GOC - Lieutenant General Sagat Singh
Corps Artillery Brigade
Three Independent Tank Squadrons
8th Mountain Division (GOC - Major General K. V. Krishna Rao )
Echo Force Brigade – Brigadier Wadeker
59th Mountain Brigade – Brigadier C. A. Quinn
81st Mountain Brigade – Brigadier R. C. V. Apte
2nd Mountain Artillery Brigade
57th Mountain Division (GOC - Major General B.F. Gonsalves)
311th Mountain Brigade – Brigadier Mishra
73rd Mountain Brigade – Brigadier Tuli
61st Mountain Brigade – Brigadier Tom Pande
57th Mountain Artillery Brigade
23rd Mountain Division (GOC - Major General R.D. Hira)
301st Mountain Brigade – Brigadier H. S. Sodhi
181st Mountain Brigade – Brigadier Y. C. Bakshi
83rd Mountain Brigade – Brigadier B. S. Sandhu
23rd Mountain Artillery Brigade
Kilo Force Brigade – Brigadier Ananda Swaroop[9] containing:
Mizo Range Hills Brigade[10]
XXXIII Corps (HQ - Siliguri ) (GOC - Lieutenant General M L Thapan)
Corps Artillery Brigade
471st Engineering Brigade – Colonel Suri
235th Army Engineering Regiment
2 Para Bn Gp
MF Brigade – Brigadier Prem Singh
71st Mountain Brigade – Brigadier P. N. Kathpalia
20th Mountain Division (HQ - Balurghat ) (GOC - Major General Lachhman Singh)
66th Mountain Brigade – Brigadier G. S. Sharma
165th Mountain Brigade – Brigadier R. S. Pannu
202nd Mountain Brigade – Brigadier F. P. Bhatty
3rd Armoured Brigade – Brigadier G. Singh Sidhu
20th Mountain Artillery Brigade
340th Mountain Brigade Group – Brigadier Joginder Singh
6th Mountain Division ( HQ - Cooch Behar ) (Eastern Command HQ Reserve) (GOC - Major General P C Reddy)
9th Mountain Brigade – Brigadier Tirit Varma
99th Mountain Brigade
6th Mountain Artillery Brigade
101st Communication Zone (HQ: Guwahati ) (GOC - Major General Gurbax Singh Gill)
312 Air Defence Brigade
342 Ind. Air Defence Brigade
95th Mountain Brigade – Brigadier Hardev Singh Kler
FJ Sector Brigade – Brigadier Sant Singh[11]
167th Infantry Brigade – Brigadier Irani (allotted after 8 December 1971)
5th Mountain Brigade (allotted after 8 December 1971)
On 16 December 1971, the Eastern Command of the Pakistan Armed Forces surrendered at Dhaka . East Pakistan ceased to exist and Bangladesh was born. Lt Gen J S Arora accepted the Pakistani Instrument of Surrender , signed by Lt Gen A. A. K. Niazi at Dacca Racecourse . Approximately 93,000 Pakistani servicemen were taken prisoner by the Indian Army , which included 79,676 to 81,000 uniformed personnel of the Pakistan Armed Forces, including some Bengali soldiers who had remained loyal to Pakistan.[12] [13]
Structure [ edit ]
The Command's Area Of Responsibility (AOR)[14] covers the following states of India:
The Eastern Command has been assigned operational units under: III Corps , IV Corps , XVII Corps , XXXIII Corps and the 23rd Infantry Division .[15] [16]
Structure of Eastern Command
Corps
Corps HQ
GOC of Corps
(Corps Commander)
Assigned Units
Unit HQ
III Corps
(Spear Corps)
Rangapahar , Nagaland
Lt. Gen. H. S. Sahi[17]
2 Mountain Division
Dinjan , Assam
56 Mountain Division
Likabali , Arunachal Pradesh
57 Mountain Division
Leimakhong , Manipur
IV Corps
(Gajraj Corps)
Tezpur , Assam
Lt. Gen. Manish Erry[18]
5 Mountain Division
Bomdila , Arunachal Pradesh
21 Mountain Division
Rangia , Assam
71 Mountain Division
Missa Mari, Assam
XVII Corps
(Brahmastra Corps)
Panagarh , West Bengal
Lt Gen Rajeev Puri
59 Mountain Division
Panagarh , West Bengal
23 Infantry Division
Ranchi , Jharkhand
72 Mountain Division
Pathankot , Punjab
XXXIII Corps
(Trishakti Corps)
Siliguri , West Bengal
Lt Gen VPS Kaushik[19]
17 Mountain Division
Gangtok , Sikkim
20 Mountain Division
Binnaguri , West Bengal
27 Mountain Division
Kalimpong , West Bengal
Precursors (1902–1947) [ edit ]
Following is the list of precursors to the Eastern Command and their commanders:[20]
Eastern Command (1902–1907) [ edit ]
Eastern Command (1920–1940) [ edit ]
Eastern Army (1942–1943) [ edit ]
Eastern Command (1943–1947) [ edit ]
List of GOC-in-C of Eastern Command (1947–present) [ edit ]
^ a b c "Northern Army" . Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 4 January 2010 .
^ "Sir Havelock Hudson" . Pioneer Mail and Indian Weekly News. 26 November 1920. Retrieved 26 January 2020 .
^ Volume II: India's Most Dangerous Hour , Major-General Stanley Kirby et al. , 1958, 193.
^ "77 Brigade" . Order of Battle. Archived from the original on 6 July 2007. Retrieved 19 October 2009 .
^ "Why is the Fourteenth Army known as the Forgotten Army?" . Royal British Legion. Retrieved 20 November 2021 .
^ "Central Command Raising Day concludes" . The Times of India . 3 May 2009. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 21 June 2013 .
^ Islam, Maj. Rafiqul, A Tale of Millions , p318
^ Jacob, Lt. Gen. JFR, Surrender at Dacca: Birth of A Nation , p196
^ Islam, Maj. Rafiqul, A Tale of Millions , p313
^ Burke, S. M (1974). Mainsprings of Indian and Pakistani Foreign Policies – S. M. Burke . ISBN 9780816607204 . Retrieved 27 July 2012 .
^ Bose, Sarmila (November 2011). "The question of genocide and the quest for justice in the 1971 war" (PDF) . Journal of Genocide Research . 13 (4 ): 398. doi :10.1080/14623528.2011.625750 . S2CID 38668401 . Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 26 January 2020 .
^ "Eastern Command" . Indian Army. Archived from the original on 2 May 2014. Retrieved 25 June 2012 .
^ "Eye on China, India to raise second division for mountain corps" . The Indian Express . 17 March 2017. Archived from the original on 17 March 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2017 .
^ "The mountain is now a molehill" . Archived from the original on 19 November 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2017 .
^ "Lt Gen HS Sahi AVSM, YSM, SM assumed command of the prestigious Dimapur based 3 corps" . Sainik Samachar . 7 March 2023.
^ "Lt Gen Manish Erry assumes command of Gajraj Corps" . Sainik Samachar . 31 March 2023.
^ "GOC of Trishakti Corps inaugurates oxygen generation plant in Siliguri" . www.telegraphindia.com . Retrieved 8 June 2022 .
^ Army Commands Archived 5 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine
^ "Gen Cariappa Becomes Eastern Army Commander" (PDF) . Press Information Bureau of India - Archive . 21 November 1947. Retrieved 4 June 2021 .
^ "Changes in Army Commands" (PDF) . Press Information Bureau of India - Archive . 20 January 1948. Retrieved 4 June 2021 .
^ "Eastern Command History" .
^ "Promotions in the Indian Army" (PDF) . Press Information Bureau of India - Archive . 15 October 1952. Retrieved 12 June 2021 .
^ "From Henderson to Subrahmanyam: Army to be Blamed. And Political Leaders" . www.satp.org . Archived from the original on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2017 .
^ "The Two Myths of 1962 | Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses" . idsa.in . Archived from the original on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2017 .
^ "Somnath Sharma, Sam Manekshaw, Amitabh Bachchan, Old Sherwoodians Sherwood College, Nainital - Alumni" . www.oldsherwoodians.com . Archived from the original on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2017 .
^ "Indian Army: Charges of incompetence among senior officers undermined the Eastern Command" . Archived from the original on 23 March 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2017 .
^ "Eastern Army ex-Commander Kalkat passes away" . The Tribune . 28 January 2021.
^ "Press Information Bureau" . Archived from the original on 23 October 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2017 .
^ "New Vice Chief of Army Staff Appointed in India" . Arab News . 1 January 2005. Archived from the original on 17 December 2012. Retrieved 23 October 2017 .
^ "National : New Vice-Chief of Army Staff" . The Hindu . 1 January 2005. Archived from the original on 16 February 2005. Retrieved 23 October 2017 .
^ "K S Jamwal is new GoC-in-C, Eastern Command" . Zee News . 4 January 2007. Archived from the original on 23 October 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2017 .
^ "Lt Gen Kapoor to be new VCOAS; Panag, Jamwal to head N, E Cmds" . www.oneindia.com . Archived from the original on 23 October 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2017 .
^ "Army chief gets his way, Panag shifted out of J&K - Times of India" . The Times of India . Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2017 .
^ "Press Information Bureau" . Archived from the original on 23 October 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2017 .
^ "Press Information Bureau" . Archived from the original on 23 October 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2017 .
^ "Lt. Gen. Naravane appointed Eastern Army Commander" . The Hindu . 25 September 2018. Retrieved 28 September 2018 .
^ "Lieutenant General Anil Chauhan takes over as Eastern Army Commander" . The Times of India .
^ Pande, Manoj. "Manoj Pande to take over Eastern Command" .
^ "Lt. Gen. Rana P Kalita Takes Charge as General Officer Commanding in Chief in Kolkata" . Sentinel Assam. 25 January 2022.
Further reading [ edit ]
Richard A. Renaldi; Ravi Rikhe (2011), 'Indian Army Order of Battle', Orbat.com for Tiger Lily Books: A division of General Data LLC, ISBN 978-0-9820541-7-8 .
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