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Find sources: "Election commission" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
Anelection commission is a body charged with overseeing the implementation of electioneering process of any country. The formal names of election commissions vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and may be styled an electoral commission,[1]acentral[2]orstate election commission,[3] or an election board,[4]anelectoral council[5] or an electoral court.[6] Election commissions can be independent, mixed, judicial or executive. They may also be responsible for electoral boundary delimitation. In federations there may be a separate body for each subnational government. An election commission has a duty to ensure elections are conducted in an orderly manner[according to whom?].
In the independent model the election commission is independent of the executive and manages its own budget. Countries with an independent election commission include Australia, Bangladesh, Canada, India, Jordan, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, South Africa, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Thailand and the United Kingdom. In some of these countries the independence of the election commission is constitutionally guaranteed e.g. section 190 of the Constitution of South Africa.
In the branch model the election commission is often called an electoral branch, and is usually a constitutionally-recognized separate branch of government, with its members appointed by either the executive or the legislative branch. Countries with an electoral branch include Bolivia, Costa Rica, Panama, Nicaragua and Venezuela.
In the mixed-model there is an independent board to determine policy, but implementation is usually a matter for an executive department with varying degrees of supervision by the independent board. Countries with such a model include Cameroon, France, Germany, Japan, Senegal and Spain.
In the executive model the election commission is directed by a cabinet minister as part of the executive branch of government, and may include local government authorities acting as agents of the central body. Countries with this model include Denmark, Singapore, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia.
In the United States, elections for federal, state, and local offices are run by the executive branch of each state government.[7]
In the judicial model the election commission is closely supervised by and ultimately responsible to a special "electoral court". Countries with such a model include Argentina, Brazil and Mexico.
Afghanistan
Albania: Central Election Commission
Argentina
Australia: Australian Electoral Commission[1]
Australian Capital Territory: Electoral Commission
New South Wales: Electoral Commission
Northern Territory: Electoral Commission
Queensland: Electoral Commission
South Australia: Electoral Commission
Tasmania: Electoral Commission
Victoria: Electoral Commission
Western Australia: Electoral Commission
Bangladesh: Election Commission
Belarus: Central Election Commission
Belize: Elections and Boundaries Commission
Bolivia
Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior
Brazil: Superior Electoral Court[6]
Cambodia: National Election Committee
Canada: Elections Canada
Chile: Electoral Service
China (excl. Hong Kong and Macau) Election Committees for Local People's Congress elections only
Colombia: National Electoral Council
Costa Rica: Supreme Electoral Court
Cuba: National Election Council [es]
Cyprus: Central Elections Office
Democratic Republic of the Congo: Independent National Electoral Commission
Ecuador
Egypt: High Elections Committee
Ethiopia: National Election Board
Fiji: Electoral Commission
France: Constitutional Council
Germany: Federal Returning Officer
Ghana: Electoral Commission
Guyana: Elections Commission
Haiti: Provisional Electoral Council
Hong Kong: Electoral Affairs Commission
Iceland: National Electoral Commission
India: Election Commission
Indonesia: General Elections Commission
Iran: Guardian Council
Iraq: Independent High Electoral Commission
Ireland: Electoral Commission
Israel: Central Elections Committee
Italy: Central Directorate for Electoral Services
Japan: Central Election Management Council
Jordan: Independent Election Commission
Kazakhstan: Central Election Commission
Kenya
Kosovo: Central Election Commission (Kosovo) [sq]
Laos: National Election Committee (Lao)
Liberia: National Elections Commission
Libya: High National Election Commission
Macau: Electoral Affairs Commission (Macau)
Malaysia: Election Commission
Malta: Electoral Commission[8]
Mexico
Moldova: Central Election Commission
Myanmar Union Electoral Commission
Nepal: Election Commission
Netherlands: Electoral Council [nl]
New Zealand: Electoral Commission
Nicaragua: Supreme Electoral Council
Nigeria: Independent National Electoral Commission
North Korea: Central Election Committee (North Korea)[9]
Northern Cyprus: High Electoral Board
Norway: Norwegian Directorate of Elections
Pakistan: Election Commission
Palestine: Central Elections Commission
Philippines: Commission on Elections
Philippines: Presidential Electoral Tribunal (entirely composed of the Supreme Court)
Poland: National Electoral Commission
Portugal: National Elections Commission (Portugal) [pt]
Russia: Central Election Commission
Singapore: Elections Department
Slovenia: State Election Commission (Državna volilna komisija)
Somaliland: National Electoral Commission
South Africa: Independent Electoral Commission
South Korea: National Election Commission
Spain: Junta Electoral Central
Sri Lanka: Election Commission of Sri Lanka
Sweden: Election Authority
Taiwan: Central Election Commission
Tanzania: National Electoral Commission
Thailand: Election Commission
Tunisia: Independent High Authority for Elections
Turkey: Supreme Electoral Council of Turkey[5]
Ukraine: Central Election Commission
United Kingdom: Electoral Commission
United States
Florida: Florida Election Commission
Hawaii: Hawaii Elections Commission[10]
Illinois: Illinois State Board of Elections[11]
Maryland: Maryland State Board of Elections[12]
New York: New York State Board of Elections[13]
North Carolina: North Carolina State Board of Elections & Ethics Enforcement[14]
Oklahoma: Oklahoma State Election Board[4]
Puerto Rico: State Elections Commission
South Carolina: South Carolina State Election Commission[3]
Virginia: Virginia State Board of Elections[15]
Wisconsin: Wisconsin Elections Commission[16]
Uruguay: Electoral Court
Venezuela: National Electoral Council
Vietnam: National Election Council (Vietnam)
Zimbabwe: Electoral Commission |
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As of 2021, 53 out of 55 African nations (save for Eritrea and Somalia, which do not hold elections) use or have used election commissions to organize and supervise their elections. First introduced in the Sudan in 1957, election commissions were created across the continent especially after many African nations introduced a system of multi-party democracy in the early 1990s.[17]
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National election commissions
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Politics
