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Eliza Ann Brown

Eliza Ann Brown
Born	Eliza Annie Palmer 28 March 1847 Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Died	23 April 1923(1923-04-23) (aged 76) Invercargill, New Zealand
Nationality	New Zealand
Other names	Mrs. C.W. Brown
Known for	temperance and women's suffrage activism
Spouse	Charles William Brown (1847–1932)
Parent(s)	James Hugh and Marianne Palmer
Signature

Eliza Ann Brown (née Eliza Annie Palmer; 28 March 1847 – 23 April 1923) of Invercargill organised and became the first president of the first Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) branch in New Zealand.

Eliza Annie Palmer was born in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia on 28 March 1847 to Marianne and James Hugh Palmer.^[1] Her mother traveled back to England alone with her six children – they are listed in the 1851^[2] and 1861^[3] census eventually living in Bideford. In 1877 Eliza Annie married Charles William Brown of Invercargill in New Zealand. Brown, a land broker and freeholder in his own right, was a leader in the Independent Order of Rechabites^[4] and a provisional director for the Invercargill Temperance Hotel Company.^[5] They had several children. Their eldest son Ernest Harrington Brown died 6 January 1909 aged 29 years old.^[6]

A faithful reader of the WCTU's American newspaper, Union Signal, Eliza Ann Brown organised a local chapter on 6 August 1884 at the Don Street Primitive Methodist Church.^[7] The founding treasurer was Mrs. R.P. Magoun, the collector was Mrs. D. Strang, and Margaret Lennie, secretary.^[8] The organising meeting established a committee of fourteen women who were to carry out the eight objects of the Union, including gathering signatures for a petition for women's suffrage.^[9] After the Auckland WCTU formed in February 1885 under the direction of Mary Clement Leavitt, the first World WCTU missionary, Brown also organised a petition drive in Invercargill to support the abolishment of barmaids.^[10]

By the time Leavitt visited Invercargill in April 1885^[11] bringing with her the American WCTU constitution and news of the New Zealand national WCTU forming under the leadership of Anne Ward, Brown helped reconstitute the Invercargill WCTU on 22 June 1885 to affiliate with the new national umbrella organisation: the Women's Christian Temperance Union of New Zealand (WCTU NZ).^[12] By then, the club had grown to 76 members. Brown then stepped down as president in deference to the new Baptist minister's wife Roberta Annie Swayne Hinton (1836–1905) being elected the new president, but Brown remained in the newly formed chapter as secretary.^[10]

Signing at the top of the WCTU NZ petition sheet for Avenal (the area in Invercargill where she lived), Brown took a leadership role in the historic process of winning the right to vote for women at the national level – the world's first.^[13] In the fall of 1893, when women were registering to vote in the national elections, WCTU NZ member Mary S. Powell remembered that "Mrs. Brown was at our door with a cab at 9 a.m."^[8]

Eliza Ann Brown died on 23 April 1923, and she was buried in Invercargill at the Eastern Cemetery next to her husband and eldest son.^[6]

• Mary Greenleaf Clement Leavitt
• Temperance movement in New Zealand
• Timeline of women's suffrage
• Women's Christian Temperance Union of New Zealand

• Dalziel, Raewyn (1993). "New Zealand Women's Christian Temperance Union 1885–". In Else, Anne (ed.). Women together: a history of women's organisations in New Zealand: nga ropu wahine o te motu. Wellington, NZ: Daphne Brasell Associates/Historical Branch, Department of Internal Affairs. pp. 72–75.
• Wood, Jeanne (1986). A Challenge Not a Truce: A history of the New Zealand Women's Christian Temperance Union, 1885–1985. Nelson: New Zealand Women's Christian Temperance Union, Inc.