Emoxypine (2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine), also known as MexidolorMexifin, a succinatesalt, is chemical compound which is claimed by its manufacturer, the Russian company Pharmasoft Pharmaceuticals, to have antioxidant and actoprotector properties.[2][3] Its chemical structure resembles that of pyridoxine (a type of vitamin B6).
Emoxypine was first synthesized by L.D. Smirnov and K.M. Dumayev, then studied and developed in the Russian Institute of Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences and Russian Scientific Center of Bioactive Substances Safety.[4] Its research and use has been largely isolated to former soviet states, with little interest from other countries.[5]
Increases the content of polar fraction of lipids (phosphatidyl serine and phosphatidyl inositol) and reduces the cholesterol/phospholipids ratio which proves its lipid-regulatory properties; shifts structure transition into the low temperature zones, that is provokes the reduction of membrane viscosity and the increase of its fluidity, increases lipid-protein ratio.
Modulates the receptor complexes of the brain membranes, i.e. benzodiazepine, GABA, acetylcholine receptors by increasing their binding ability.
Stabilizes biomembranes, i.e. membrane structures of blood cells - erythrocytes and thrombocytes during their haemolysis or mechanical injury accompanied by the formation of free radicals.
Changes the monoamine level and increases the dopamine content in the brain.[4][10]
One non-blinded non-randomized study determined the effectiveness of emoxypine in 205 patients with clinical manifestations of lumbosacral radiculopathy (LSR). Patients were divided into two groups, and further were divided into subgroups depending on the presence of motor disturbances. All patients received a course of conventional medical treatment and physiotherapy; main group additionally received emoxypine. Thereafter, clinical-neurological control of long-term results of treatment in subgroups of patients was performed. The results showed that the use of emoxypine in the combined therapy of patients with LSR led to significant and persistent reduction of severity of pain syndrome and rapid recovery of function of spinal roots and peripheral nerves compared with conventional therapy.[4][11]
Emoxypine is an uncontrolled substance in the United States meaning it is legal to possess without a license or prescription. Use of Emoxypine in food, supplements, and drugs is unlawful and constitutes an act of misbranding. It is considered a "New Drug" as defined by 21 U.S. Code § 321(p)(1).
^Dumayev KM, Voronina TA, Smirnov LD (1995). Antioxidants in the prophylaxis and therapy of CNS pathologies (Report). Moscow.[page needed]
^Kucherianu VG (January 2001). "[Mexidol potentiates antiparkinsonian effect of L-DOPA in MPTP-induced parkinsonism model]". Eksperimental'naia i Klinicheskaia Farmakologiia. 64 (1): 22–5. PMID11544797.
^Likhacheva EB, Sholomov II (2006). "[Clinical and immunological assessment of efficacy of mexidol in the treatment of lumbosacral radiculopathy]". Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova. 106 (10): 52–7. PMID17117675.
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