Go-Kōmyō's reign spanned the years from 1643 through 1654.[3]
This 17th-century sovereign was named after the 14th-century Nanboku-chōEmperor Kōmyō and go- (後), translates as later, and thus, he could be called the "Later Emperor Kōmyō". The Japanese word go has also been translated to mean the second one, and in some older sources, this emperor may be identified as "Kōmyō, the second", or as Kōmyō II".
Before Go-Kōmyō's accession to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (his imina) was Tsuguhito (紹仁);[4] and his pre-accession title was Suga-no-miya (素鵞宮).[5]
Tsuguhito-shinnō was granted the title of Crown Prince; and the following year, he became Emperor when Empress Meishō abdicated. His sister stepped down from the throne and the succession (senso) was received by the new monarch. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Go-Kōmyō is considered to have acceded to the throne (sokui).[8] The events during his lifetime shed light on his reign. The years of Go-Kōmyō's reign correspond with a period in which Tokugawa Iemitsu and Tokugawa Ietsuna were leaders at the pinnacle of the Tokugawa shogunate.
April 20, 1633: The birth of an Imperial prince who will become known by the posthumous name of Go-Kōmyō-tennō.[9]
1641 (Kan'ei19): Prince Tsuguhito was named heir; and he was given the title of Crown Prince.
1643 (Kan'ei 20, 29th day of the 9th month): The empress ceded her throne to her brother by abdicating; and the succession (senso) was received by his younger brother.[8]
November 14, 1643 (Kan'ei 20, 3rd day of the 10th month): Go-Kōmyō accepted the title; and he is said to have acceded to the throne (sokui).[8] He was age 11.[6] His reign is considered to have begun.[9]
1645 (Shōhō 2, 23rd day of the 4th month): The shōgun was elevated to the rank of sadaijin.[5]
1649 (Keian 2, 20th day of the 2nd month): There was a major earthquake in Edo.[5]
1651 (Keian 4): Tokugawa Ietsuna was proclaimed shōgun.[5]
1653 (Jōō 2, 12th day of the 8th month): A violent fire destroyed a large part of the imperial palace and many temples which were nearby. Shortly thereafter, several girls, aged 12–14 years, were imprisoned for arson involving this fire as well as other fires in Kyoto.[5]
1654 (Jōō 3, 6th day of the 7th month): Ingen, a Buddhist priest who would eventually become very influential, arrived at Nagasaki from China. His intention was to reform the practice of Buddhism in Japan.[5]
October 30, 1654 (Jōō 3, 20th day of the 9th month): The emperor died.[9] He was buried at Sennyū-ji on the 15th day of the 10th month.[10] There is a probability that the emperor died of smallpox.[7]
Kugyō (公卿) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras. Even during those years in which the court's actual influence outside the palace walls was minimal, the hierarchic organization persisted.
In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Go-Kōmyō's reign, this apex of the Daijō-kan included:
