Erwin Madelung
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Madelung’s gravestone, buried along with his wife and daughter
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| Born | (1881-05-18)18 May 1881 |
| Died | 1 August 1972(1972-08-01) (aged 91) |
| Nationality | German |
| Alma mater | University of Göttingen |
| Known for | Madelung constant Madelung equations Madelung rule |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Quantum mechanics Atomic physics |
| Institutions | Goethe University Frankfurt |
| Doctoral advisor | Hermann Theodor Simon |
| Other academic advisors | Eduard Riecke |
| Doctoral students | Theodor Förster |
Erwin Madelung (18 May 1881 – 1 August 1972) was a German physicist. He was born in 1881 in Bonn. His father was the surgeon Otto Wilhelm Madelung. He earned a doctorate in 1905 from the University of Göttingen, specializing in crystal structure, and eventually became a professor. It was during this time he developed the Madelung constant, which characterizes the net electrostatic effects of all ions in a crystal lattice, and is used to determine the energy of one ion.
In 1921 he succeeded Max Born as the Chair of Theoretical Physics at the Goethe University Frankfurt, which he held until his retirement in 1949. He specialized in atomic physics and quantum mechanics, and it was during this time he developed the Madelung equations, an alternative form of the Schrödinger equation.[1]
He is also known for the Madelung rule, which states that atomic orbitals are filled in order of increasing 
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