The European Union for Bird Ringing (EURING) is the co-ordinating organisation for European bird ringing schemes.
Ringed Black-headed gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus at the TuileriesinParis on March 1, 2018. The ring number is CZP ET06049, where CZP is the EURING scheme code of the Czech RepublicPrague ringing scheme, and ET06049 the unique number assigned by that scheme. The EURING species code for Black-headed gull is 05820.
EURING has established the EURING Exchange Code to enable data interchange between members, and the central EURING Databank to collect records from all members in a central database.
The EURING Exchange Code (or EURING Code) is a data exchange format that describes bird ringing information and ringing recoveries. Its main use is to enable data exchange between EURING members (that each have their own databases and formats) and between members and the EURING Databank.[3]
The code was established in the 1966 EURING meeting by adapting a Dutch punch card code that originated in 1963.[4][5] The EURING Exchange Code has since then been developed further as technology improved, resulting in newer editions in 1979[6] and 2000.[7][8] The code had moved from punch cards to ASCII code to be used in text files and databases. The 2000 code was modified into the 2000+ version,[9] and later succeeded by the 2020 version, which is the current standard.[10]
The establishment of the EURING 2000 Exchange Code was a driver for the rapid advancement in capture-recapture studies and analyses.[14]
EURING data is used in scientific research on ornithology or related subjects. Research topics include migration routes,[15] wintering areas[16][17] and staging areas,[18] and survival rates.[19] Bird ringing data such as in the EDB is also relevant for conservation.[20]
Other applications include usage for detecting avian influenza patterns, as seen in the EFSA Migration Mapping Tool[21] and Bird Flu Radar.[22][23]
^Hagemeijer, Ward J. M.; Blair, Michael J., eds. (1997). The EBCC Atlas of European Breeding Birds - their distribution and abundance. Poyser. ISBN978-0856610912.
^Ambrosini, R.; Rubolini, D.; Møller, AP; Bani, L.; Clark, J.; Karcza, Z.; Vangeluwe, D.; Du Feu, C.; Spina, F.; Saino, N. (2011). "Climate change and the long-term northward shift in the African wintering range of the barn swallow Hirundo rustica". Climate Research. 49 (2): 131–141. Bibcode:2011ClRes..49..131A. doi:10.3354/cr01025.
^Sutherland, William J. (1998). "Evidence for Flexibility and Constraint in Migration Systems". Journal of Avian Biology. 29 (4): 441–446. doi:10.2307/3677163. JSTOR3677163.
^Spina, Fernando (1999). "Value of ringing information for bird conservation in Europe". Ringing & Migration. 19: 29–40. doi:10.1080/03078698.1999.9674209.