Indecision theory, the evidential reasoning approach (ER) is a generic evidence-based multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) approach for dealing with problems having both quantitative and qualitative criteria under various uncertainties including ignorance and randomness. It has been used to support various decision analysis, assessment and evaluation activities such as environmental impact assessment[1] and organizational self-assessment[2] based on a range of quality models.
The evidential reasoning approach has recently been developed on the basis of decision theory in particular utility theory,[3] artificial intelligence in particular the theory of evidence,[4] statistical analysis and computer technology. It uses a belief structure to model an assessment with uncertainty, a belief decision matrix to represent an MCDA problem under uncertainty, evidential reasoning algorithms[5] to aggregate criteria for generating distributed assessments, and the concepts of the belief and plausibility functions to generate a utility interval for measuring the degree of ignorance. A conventional decision matrix used for modeling an MCDA problem is a special case of a belief decision matrix.[6][7]
The use of belief decision matrices for MCDA problem modelling in the ER approach results in the following features:
