Meanwhile, the French decided to put pressure on China by landing an expeditionary corps in northern Taiwan to seize Keelung and Tamsui, redeeming the failure of 6 August and finally winning the 'pledge' they sought. On 1 October Lieutenant-Colonel Bertaux-Levillain landed at Keelung with a force of 1,800 marine infantry, forcing the Chinese to withdraw to strong defensive positions which had been prepared in the surrounding hills. The French force was too small to advance beyond Keelung, and the Pei-tao coal mines remained in Chinese hands. Meanwhile, after an ineffective naval bombardment on 2 October, Admiral Lespès attacked the Chinese defences at Tamsui with 600 sailors from his squadron's landing companies on 8 October, and was decisively repulsed by forces under the command of the Fujianese general Sun Kaihua (孫開華). As a result of this reverse, French control over Formosa was limited merely to the town of Keelung. This achievement fell far short of what had been hoped for.[2]
The French Third Republic recognized the establishment of the Republic of China and established diplomatic relations with the Beiyang government on 7October 1913. The Institut Franco Chinoise de Lyon (1921–1951) promoted cultural exchanges.[4]
After the Chinese Civil War and the establishment of the new communist-ledPeople's Republic of China (PRC) on 1 October 1949, the French Fourth Republic government refused to recognize the PRC after the ROC government retreated to Taiwan.[6] However, by 1964 France and the PRC officially established ambassadorial level diplomatic relations ending relations with the ROC. This was precipitated by Charles de Gaulle's official recognition of the PRC.[7]
In 2016, a delegation of French legislators led by Francois de Rugy visited Taiwan.[8]
In 2018, China made accusations against France after a French naval vessel transited the Taiwan Strait.[9]
In December 2020, Taiwan opened its second representative office in France, in Aix-en-Provence.[10]
In October 2021, a delegation of French senators visited Taiwan.[11]
In November 2021, the French parliament passed a resolution which called on the French government to support Taiwan's participation in international organizations. The Taiwanese government praised the resolution.[12]
In April 2023, French president Emmanuel Macron said『The question Europeans need to answer… is it in our interest to accelerate [a crisis] on Taiwan? No. The worse thing would be to think that we Europeans must become followers on this topic and take our cue from the U.S. agenda and a Chinese overreaction,』along with『Europeans cannot resolve the crisis in Ukraine; how can we credibly say on Taiwan, ‘watch out, if you do something wrong we will be there’? If you really want to increase tensions that's the way to do it.』during his three-day state visit to China.[16]
In May 2023, Taiwanese solid state battery manufacturer ProLogium announced that it would open a 5.2 billion euro primary international production center in Dunkirk at a ceremony headlined by President Macron.[17][18] The investment was partially intended as a hedge against political risk.[19]
The Taiwan frigate deal was a huge political scandal, both in Taiwan and France.[21] Eight people involved in the contract died in unusual and possibly suspicious circumstances.[22] Arms dealer Andrew Wang fled Taiwan to the UK after the body of presumptive whistleblower Captain Yin Ching-feng was found floating in the sea.[23] In 2001, Swiss authorities froze accounts held by Andrew Wang and his family in connection to the Taiwan frigate scandal.[24]
^Ge Fuping, "Some Problems Concerning Institut Franco-Chinoise de Lyon [J]." Modern Chinese History Studies 5 (2000).
^Young, Ernest (2013), Ecclesiastical Colony: China's Catholic Church and the French Religious Protectorate, Oxford University Press, pp. 250–251, ISBN978-0199924622