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Francesc Ribalta (2 June 1565 – 12 January 1628),[1] also known as Francisco Ribaltáorde Ribalta, was a Spanish painter of the Baroque period, mostly of religious subjects.
He was born in Solsona, Lleida. Although his first apprenticeship was apparently with Navarrete, who worked for years in the Escorial, Ribalta's earliest work (aCruxifixion of 1582) was signed in Madrid. After his years in Madrid, Ribalta was to settle as an artist in Valencia. He became among the first followers in Spain of the austere tenebrist style of Caravaggio. It is unclear if he directly visited either RomeorNaples, where Caravaggio's style had many adherents.
Cristo muerto, c. 1615
Alternatively, it is likely that tenebrist paintings were available in Spain by the early 17th century through the Spanish rule of the Neapolitan kingdom. Jusepe de Ribera is said to have been one of his pupils, although it is entirely possible that Ribera acquired his tenebrism when he moved to Italy.
The tenebrist style gathered a number of adherents in Spain, and was to influence the pre-eminent Baroque or Golden Age Spanish painters, especially Zurbarán, but also Velázquez and Murillo. Even the art of still life in Spain, the bodegón, was often painted in a similar stark and austere style. Among the direct disciples of Francisco were his son, Juan Ribalta, Antonio Bisquert, and his son-in-law, Vicente Castelló. Ribalta died in Valencia on 12 January 1628.
Benito Domenech, Fernando (1987). Los Ribalta y la pintura valenciana de su tiempo, Valencia-Madrid. ISBN978-84-505-6705-2.
Benito Domenech, Fernando y Vallés Borrás, Vicent Joan (1989). "Un proceso a Francisco Ribalta en 1618". Boletín de la Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando (69): p. 143-168. (in Spanish)
Falomir Faus, Miguel (1998-1999). "Imágenes de una santidad frustrada: el culto a Francisco Jerónimo Simón, 1612-1619". Locvs Amoenvs (4): p. 171-183.
Moffitt, John F. (1993). The Arts in Spain. 19. Thames and Hudson. pp. 128–133.
Kowal, David M. (1985). Ribalta y los ribaltescos: La evolución del estilo barroco en Valencia. Valencia, Diputación Provincial. ISBN978-84-505-1981-5.
Palomino, Antonio (1988). El museo pictórico y escala óptica III. El parnaso español pintoresco laureado. Madrid, Aguilar S.A. de Ediciones. ISBN84-03-88005-7.
Pérez Sánchez, Alfonso E. (1992). Baroque Paintings in Spain (1600-1750). Cátedra, Madrid. ISBN978-84-376-0994-2.
Piombo (1995). Sebastiano del Piombo in Spain. Madrid, Museo del Prado, ISBN84-87317-42-1.
Jusepe de Ribera, 1591-1652, a full text exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art, which includes material on Francisco Ribalta (see index)
