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1 Scientific career  





2 Personal life  





3 Honours  





4 Legacy  





5 Publications  





6 See also  





7 References  





8 External links  














Friedrich Hund






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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 


Friedrich Hund
Friedrich Hund, Göttingen, in the 1920s
Born4 February 1896 (1896-02-04)
Died31 March 1997 (1997-04-01) (aged 101)
NationalityGerman
Known forMolecular orbital theory
Quantum chemistry
Quantum tunneling
Hund's cases
Hund's rule
Hund's rules
AwardsMax Planck Medal (1943)
Otto Hahn Prize for Chemistry and Physics (1974)
Scientific career
FieldsPhysics
InstitutionsUniversity of Göttingen
University of Rostock
Leipzig University
University of Jena
Frankfurt University
Doctoral advisorMax Born
Doctoral studentsHarry Lehmann
Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker
Jürgen Schnakenberg
Edward Teller

Friedrich Hermann Hund (4 February 1896 – 31 March 1997) was a German physicist from Karlsruhe known for his work on atoms and molecules.[1] He is known for the Hund's rules to predict the electron configurationofchemical elements. His work on Hund's cases and molecular orbital theory allowed to understand the structure of molecules.

Scientific career[edit]

Hund worked with such prestigious physicists as Erwin Schrödinger, Paul Dirac, Werner Heisenberg, Max Born, and Walther Bothe. At that time, he was Born's assistant, working with quantum interpretation of band spectraofdiatomic molecules.

Robert Mulliken and Friedrich Hund, Chicago, 1929

After his studies of mathematics, physics, and geography in Marburg and Göttingen, he worked as a private lecturer for theoretical physics in the University of Göttingen (1925), professor in the University of Rostock (1927), Leipzig University (1929), University of Jena (1946), University Frankfurt (1951) and from 1957 again in Göttingen. Additionally, he stayed in Copenhagen (1926) with Niels Bohr and lectured on the atom at Harvard University (1928). He published more than 250 papers and essays in total. Hund made pivotal contributions to quantum theory - especially concerning the structure of the atom and of molecular spectra.

In fact, Robert S. Mulliken, who was awarded the 1966 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for molecular orbital theory, always proclaimed the great influence Hund's work had on his own and that he would have gladly shared the Nobel Prize with Hund. In recognition of the importance of Hund's contributions, molecular orbital theory is often referred to as the Hund–Mulliken MO theory. Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity is another eponym and, in 1926, Hund discovered the so-called tunnel effect or quantum tunnelling.[2]

The Hund's cases, which are particular regimes in diatomic molecular angular momentum coupling, and Hund's rules, which govern atomic electron configurations, are important in spectroscopy and quantum chemistry. In chemistry, the first rule, Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity, is especially important and is often referred to as simply Hund's Rule.

Personal life[edit]

Hund married mathematician Ingeborg Seynsche (1905–1994) in Barmen on 17 March 1931. The family had six children: chess player and mathematician Gerhard Hund (b. 1932), Dietrich (1933–1939), Irmgard (b. 1934), Martin (1937–2018), Andreas (b. 1940) and Erwin (1941–2022). The chess woman grandmaster Barbara Hund (b. 1959) and chess player Isabel Hund (b. 1962) are his granddaughters.

Hund is buried in Munich Waldfriedhof.

Honours[edit]

Hund was a member of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science. He was awarded the Max Planck Medal in 1943.

Legacy[edit]

On the occasion of his 100th birthday, the book: Friedrich Hund: Geschichte der physikalischen Begriffe [History of Physical Concepts] (Heidelberg, Berlin, Oxford), Spektrum, Akademie Verlag 1996, ISBN 3-8274-0083-X was published. A review was also written by Werner Kutzelnigg.[3]

Hund-Pfirsch family grave in Munich Waldfriedhof, where also Friedrich Hund is buried

In addition to the many honors bestowed upon him, Friedrich Hund became an honorary citizen of Jena/Saale, and a street in Jena was named after him. In June 2004, a part of a new building of the Physics Department in Göttingen was given the address Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1. The same name was chosen for the Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of Göttingen.

Publications[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Rechenberg, Helmut (October 1997). "Obituary: Friedrich Hund". Physics Today. 50 (10): 126–127. Bibcode:1997PhT....50j.126R. doi:10.1063/1.881943.
  • ^ Merzbacher, Eugen (August 2002). "The Early History of Quantum Tunneling". Physics Today. 55 (8): 44–49. Bibcode:2002PhT....55h..44M. doi:10.1063/1.1510281. Retrieved 17 August 2022. Friedrich Hund ... was the first to make use of quantum mechanical barrier penetration ...
  • ^ Kutzelnigg, Werner (1996). "Friedrich Hund and Chemistry". Angewandte Chemie. 35 (6): 573–586. doi:10.1002/anie.199605721.
  • ^ Uhler, H. S. (1928). "Review: Linienspektren und periodisches System der Elemente, by Friedrich Hund". Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 34 (5): 673. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1928-04671-2.
  • ^ Hoyt, F. C. (1927). "Review: Linienspektren und periodisches System der Elemente, by Friedrich Hund". Astrophysical Journal. 65: 321–322. Bibcode:1927ApJ....65..321.. doi:10.1086/143057.
  • ^ Ellison, Frank O. (1975). "Review: The History of Quantum Theory, by Friedrich Hund, trans. by Gordon Reece". J. Chem. Educ. 52 (12): A560. Bibcode:1975JChEd..52..560E. doi:10.1021/ed052pA560.1.
  • External links[edit]


    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Hund&oldid=1220247813"

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    This page was last edited on 22 April 2024, at 17:11 (UTC).

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