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Formula | C21H30N3NaO8S |
Molar mass | 507.53 g·mol−1 |
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GC376 is a broad-spectrum antiviral medication under development by the biopharmaceutical company Anivive Lifesciences for therapeutic uses in humans and animals.[1] Anivive licensed the exclusive worldwide patent rights to GC376 from Kansas State University.[2] As of 2020, GC376 is being investigated as treatment for COVID-19.[3] GC376 shows activity against many human and animal viruses including coronavirus and norovirus;[4] the most extensive research has been multiple in vivo studies in cats treating a coronavirus which causes deadly feline infectious peritonitis.[5] Other research supports use in porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.[6]
Since GC376 shows broad-spectrum activity against coronavirus,[7] early on during the pandemic of 2020 it was suggested as a potential treatment for COVID-19.[8] In response to the crisis, researchers at the University of Arizona published in vitro research indicating GC376 is highly active against 3CLproinSARS-CoV-2 (the coronavirus which causes COVID-19).[9] Another group of virologists at the University of Alberta led by D. Lorne Tyrrell then released a separate publication confirming GC376's activity against 3CLpro in SARS-CoV-2 and also indicating GC376 had a potent antiviral effect.
GC376 is a protease inhibitor. It blocks the 3CLpro, a protease common to many (+)ssRNA viruses, thereby preventing the viral polyprotein from maturing into its functional parts. Chemically, GC376 is the bisulfite adduct of an aldehyde GC373 and it behaves as a prodrug for that compound. This aldehyde forms a covalent bond with the cysteine-144 residue at the protease's active site, giving a monothioacetal and blocking the enzyme's normal function.[6][10]
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