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List of things named after Carl Friedrich Gauss

Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) is the eponym of all of the topics listed below. There are over 100 topics all named after this German mathematician and scientist, all in the fields of mathematics, physics, and astronomy. The English eponymous adjective Gaussian is pronounced /ˈɡaʊsiən/.^[1]

Mathematics[edit]

Algebra and linear algebra[edit]

Geometry and differential geometry[edit]

Number theory[edit]

Gauss's constant, the reciprocal of the AGM of 1 and ${\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\sqrt {2}}}$

Cyclotomic fields[edit]

• Gaussian period
• Gaussian rational
• Gauss sum, an exponential sum over Dirichlet characters
  • Elliptic Gauss sum, an analog of a Gauss sum
  • Quadratic Gauss sum

Analysis, numerical analysis, vector calculus and calculus of variations[edit]

Complex analysis and convex analysis[edit]

• Gauss–Lucas theorem
• Gauss's continued fraction, an analytic continued fraction derived from the hypergeometric functions
• Gauss's criterion – described on Encyclopedia of Mathematics
• Gauss's hypergeometric theorem, an identity on hypergeometric series
• Gauss plane

Statistics[edit]

• Gauss–Kuzmin distribution, a discrete probability distribution
• Gauss–Markov process
• Gauss–Markov theorem
• Gaussian copula
• Gaussian measure
  • Gaussian correlation inequality
  • Gaussian isoperimetric inequality
• Gauss's inequality
• Gauss-Helmert model

Gaussian function and topics named for it[edit]

Knot theory[edit]

• Gauss code – described on website of University of Toronto
• Gauss linking integral (knot theory)

Other mathematical areas[edit]

• Gauss's algorithm for determination of the day of the week
• Gauss's Easter algorithm
• Gaussian brackets – described on WolframMathWorld
• Gaussian's modular arithmetic
• Gaussian integer, usually written as Z[i]

• Gaussian prime

• Gaussian logarithms (also known as addition and subtraction logarithms)

Cartography[edit]

• Gauss–Krüger coordinate system
• Gaussian grid

Physics[edit]

Optics[edit]

• Gauss lens
• Double-Gauss lens
• Gaussian optics

Classical mechanics[edit]

• Gauss's principle of least constraint
• For orbit determinationinorbital mechanics:
  • Gauss's law for gravity
  • Gaussian gravitational constant
  • Gaussian year
  • Gauss's method

Quantum mechanics[edit]

• Gaussian orbital

Electromagnetism[edit]

• Gaussian units
• gauss, the CGS unit for magnetic flux density
• Degaussing, to demagnetize an object
• Gauss rifle or coilgun
• Gauss's law for magnetism
• Gaussian surface
  • Gauss's law, giving the relationship between flux through a closed surface and the enclosed source

• Gauss gun

Awards and recognitions[edit]

• Carl Friedrich Gauss Prize, a mathematics award
• Gauss Lectureship, a mathematical distinction
• The Gauss Mathematics Competition in Canadian junior high schools, an annual national mathematics competition administered by the Centre for Education in Mathematics and Computing

Other things named for him[edit]

Biology[edit]

• Gaussia, a palm genus described by Hermann Wendland with the then new species Gaussia princeps, collected by Charles Wright in western Cuba. Named in "memoriam astronomi Caroli Friderici Gauss".^[2]
• Gaussia, a genus of copepods

Informatics[edit]

• Gaussian, a computational chemistry software program
• GAUSS^{[citation needed]}, a matrix programming language for mathematics and statistics

Place names and expedition named in his honour[edit]

Terrestrial

• The Gauss expedition, the first German expedition to Antarctica (1901–1903)
  • The ship Gauss, used in the Gauss expedition to the Antarctic
• Gaussberg in Antarctica, an extinct volcano discovered by the Gauss expedition
• Mount Gauss, in Antarctica
• Gauss Peninsula, East Greenland
• Gaussberg, a hill in Braunschweig

Celestial

• Crater Gauss on the Moon^[3]
• Asteroid 1001 Gaussia

Institutions and buildings named in his honour[edit]

• The Carl-Friedrich-Gauss FakultätofBraunschweig University of Technology^[4]
• Several schools in Germany named after Gauss
• Several buildings named "Gauss Haus" or "Gauss Building":
  • Gauss Tower, an observation tower in Dransfeld, Germany
  • The Gauss Building at the University of Idaho (College of Engineering)
  • Gauss Haus, an NMR center at the University of Utah
  • The 'Gauss House', a common room in the University of Sussex Mathematical and Physical Sciences department.
  • A dormitory building is named after him in University of California, Santa Cruz, in Crown College

Monuments, busts, and memorial plaques[edit]

Gauss Monuments were erected in Brunswick and Göttingen (the last together with Weber). Busts of Gauss were placed in the Walhalla hall of fame near Regensburg and in the German Research Centre for GeosciencesinPotsdam. Several places where Gauss has stayed in Germany are marked with plaques.

• 
  Bust by Hans Weddo von Glümer (1895) in the German Research Centre for GeosciencesinPotsdam^[5]
• 
  Bust by Friedrich Künkler (1810)^[6]
• 
  Gauss memorial on the Wilseder Berg, highest point in the Luneburg Heath
• 
  A bust of Gauss is placed in the Walhalla since 2007

Other commemorations[edit]

From 1989 through 2002, Gauss's portrait, a normal distribution curve and some prominent Göttingen buildings, were featured on the front-side of a German ten-mark banknote. The reverse featured a part of the Hanoverian triangulation and his invention of a vice heliotrope.^[7] Germany has also issued three postage stamps honoring Gauss, one in 1955 on the hundredth anniversary of his death and two others in 1977, the 200th anniversary of his birth.

• 
  German 10-Deutsche Mark Banknote (1993) with formula and graph of normal distribution; portrait as mirror image of the Jensen portrait (background: some Göttingen buildings)
• 
  Back of German 10-Deutsche Mark Banknote (1993) with vice heliotrope and a section of the triangulation network (background: mathematical signs)
• 
  Medal for Gauss (1856, front)
• 
  Medal for Gauss (1856, back) "mathematicorum principi"
• 
  Commemorative coin (Federal Republic of Germany, 1977)
• 
  Commemorative coin (German Democratic Republic, 1977)

References[edit]