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Species of flowering plant
Geum quellyon , commonly called scarlet avens ,[6] Chilean avens , Double Bloody Mary ,[7] or Grecian rose , is a perennial herb in the family Rosaceae . It is native to the central and southern regions of Chile .[3] G. quellyon has been introduced to other countries including Belgium ,[8] Bolivia ,[3] and the United Kingdom , where it was first planted in 1826.[9]
Description
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Macroscale
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Plants reach a height of between 6 and 100 centimeters (2.4 and 39.4 inches).[10] Leaves are compound , with between 3 and 10 pairs of leaflets .[10] G. quellyon grows a thick taproot which smells of cloves when broken due to the presence of aromatic compounds .[10] [11] Flowers vary in colour from yellow-orange to pink-red.[12]
Microscale
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When in metaphase , somatic chromosomes of G. quellyon (and of G. magellanicum , another species of Geum native to Chile)[13] are shorter and fatter than those in other Geum species.[14]
Distribution
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G. quellyon is native to the following regions of Chile : Araucanía , Aysén , Biobío , Los Lagos (including the island of Chiloé ),[15] Magallanes , Maule , Metropolitana de Santiago , Ñuble , O’Higgins , Los Ríos , and Valparaíso .[16]
Uses
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Medicinal
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G. quellyon has been used in the traditional medicine of the Mapuche people of Chile for tooth neuralgia , gastric inflammation, prostatitis , and to regulate menstruation.[17] [18] A methanolic extract is obtained from its roots .[18]
Observations of a kidney transplant patient showed a pharmacological interaction between G. quellyon and cyclosporine ,[19] an immunosuppressant used to prevent transplant rejection .[20]
Horticultural
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Geum quellyon 'Lady Stratheden'
Geum quellyon is commonly cultivated as a garden ornamental , and in that context is sometimes called Geum chiloense .[1] G. quellyon grows best in full sun to part shade, in moist but well-drained soil.[21] [22] Plants become damaged and do not recover well if exposed to temperatures of −4.4 °C (24.1 °F) or below.[23]
Cultivars include:
Geum 'Blazing Sunset', which produces brick-red double flowers on tall stems from June to September.[24] [25] It grows to a height and spread of approximately 60 centimeters (24 inches).[25]
Geum 'Lady Stratheden',[26] also known as Geum 'Gold Ball', which produces yellow semi-double flowers. The Royal Horticultural Society has awarded Geum 'Lady Stratheden' the Award of Garden Merit .[27]
Geum 'Mrs J Bradshaw',[28] which produces large semi-double flowers[29] from June to September.[30] It grows to a height and spread of approximately 60 cm.[31] It is often planted in cottage gardens .[32] The Royal Horticultural Society has awarded Geum 'Mrs J Bradshaw' the Award of Garden Merit.[29]
Geum 'Totally Tangerine', which is a hybrid of G. quellyon 'Mrs J Bradshaw' and G. rivale .[33] It grows to a height of 90 centimeters (35 inches), and produces sterile , peach-orange flowers.[34] It is subject to plant breeders' rights in the European Union and the United Kingdom until 31 December 2036.[35] [36]
Diseases
[ edit ]
G. quellyon may be affected by pathogens belonging to the genus Peronospora .[37]
Notes
[ edit ]
^ Not to be confused with Geum grandiflorum K.Koch , which is a synonym of Geum coccineum Sm. .[5]
References
[ edit ]
^ a b Colin Mills 2010. Hortus Camdenensis: An illustrated catalogue of plants grown by Sir William MacArthur and Camden Park N.S.W., Australia between c. 1820 & 1861
^ a b c d e "Geum quellyon Sweet" . Plants of the World Online . Kew Science. Retrieved 2021-03-23 .
^ "Geum coccineum Sm" . Plants of the World Online . Kew Science. Retrieved 2021-03-27 .
^ "Geum grandiflorum K.Koch" . Plants of the World Online . Kew Science. Retrieved 2021-03-27 .
^ BSBI List 2007 (xls) . Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland . Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17 .
^ Hawke, Richard G. (2017). "A Comparative Evaluation Study of Geum spp" (PDF) . Plant Evaluation Notes (41 ). Retrieved 3 July 2017 .
^ "Geum quellyon" . www.cabi.org . Retrieved 2021-03-23 .
^ Buchan, Ursula (7 June 2003). "How to grow: Geum 'Mrs J Bradshaw' " . The Telegraph . Retrieved 2021-03-23 .
^ a b c Fischer S., L. Inostroza, R. Wilckens, M.T. Berti, M. Baeza, and E. Pastene. 2007. Characterization and evaluation of two population of Geum quellyon . p. 293-297. In J. Janick and A. Whipkey (eds.) Issues in New Crops and New Uses. Proceedings 6th National Symposium Creating Markets for Economic Development of New crops and New Uses. ASHS Press . Alexandria, VA.
^ Goswami, Hit Kishore; Ram, Hitendra Kumar (13 November 2017). "Ancient Food Habits Dictate that Food Can Be Medicine but Medicine Cannot Be "Food"!!" . Medicines . 4 (4 ): 82. doi :10.3390/medicines4040082 . PMC 5750606 . PMID 29137206 .
^ Reilly, Ann (March 1988). "Here today... here tomorrow: a perennial garden will bring color to the landscape year after year without the headaches of re-planting" (PDF) . Landscape Management . 27 (3 ): 42–46.
^ "Geum magellanicum Comm. ex Pers" . Plants of the World Online . Kew Science . Retrieved 2021-04-01 .
^ Raynor, Louise A. (1952). "Cytotaxonomic Studies of Geum" . American Journal of Botany . 39 (10 ): 713–719. doi :10.2307/2438618 . ISSN 0002-9122 . JSTOR 2438618 .
^ "Geum chiloense (GEUCH)" . gd.eppo.int . 2002-02-03. Retrieved 2021-03-28 .
^ "Geum quellyon Sweet" . chileanendemics.rbge.org.uk . Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh . Retrieved 2021-03-28 .
^ Muñoz, O., Montes, M., Wilkomirsky, T., 2004. In: Maldonado, S. (Ed.), Plantas medicinales de uso en Chile: Quimica y farmacologia . Editorial Universitaria , S.A. Santiago, Chile, pp. 129–132
^ a b Russo, A.; Cardile, V.; Lombardo, L.; Vanella, L.; Vanella, A.; Garbarino, J.A. (2005). Antioxidant activity and antiproliferative action of methanolic extract of Geum quellyon Sweet roots in human tumor cell lines. Journal of Ethnopharmacology . 100(3 ): 323-332. abstract
^ Duclos H, Jaime; Goecke S, Helmuth (July 2001). "Geum chiloense (Hierba del clavo) modifying cyclosporine levels.: Report of one case" . Revista médica de Chile . 129 (7 ): 789–790. doi :10.4067/S0034-98872001000700013 . ISSN 0034-9887 .
^ "Definition of cyclosporin" . Lexico.com . Oxford University Press . 2020. Archived from the original on November 24, 2020. Retrieved 2021-03-28 .
^ "Growing Guide: Geum" . www.gardening.cornell.edu . 2006. Retrieved 2021-03-23 .
^ "Geum 'Mrs. J. Bradshaw' " . Missouri Botanical Garden . Retrieved 2021-03-23 .
^ Johnson, Jim. "Management of Container Nursery Plant Material During Cold Weather" . njaes.rutgers.edu . Retrieved 2021-03-28 .
^ "Geum 'Blazing Sunset' " . BBC Gardeners' World Magazine . Retrieved 2021-03-23 .
^ a b Perrone, Jane (2014-04-19). "Plant of the week: Geum 'Blazing Sunset' " . The Guardian . Retrieved 2021-04-01 .
^ Hebb, Robert S. (1971). "Notes from the Arnold Arboretum "Perennials for Low Maintenance Gardening Part II" " . Arnoldia . 31 (2 ): 70–83. ISSN 0004-2633 . JSTOR 42953869 .
^ "Geum 'Lady Stratheden' (d ) | avens 'Lady Stratheden' " . rhs.org.uk . Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 2021-04-01 .
^ Denver Plants: Geum chiloense 'Mrs. Bradshaw'
^ a b "Geum 'Mrs J. Bradshaw' (d ) | avens 'Mrs J. Bradshaw' " . rhs.org.uk . Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 2021-03-23 .
^ "Geum 'Mrs J Bradshaw' " . BBC Gardeners' World Magazine . Retrieved 2021-03-23 .
^ "Best geums to grow" . BBC Gardeners' World Magazine . Retrieved 2021-03-23 .
^ "BBC - Gardening: Plant Finder - Avens" . www.bbc.co.uk . Retrieved 2021-03-23 .
^ "Geum 'Totally Tangerine' " . Missouri Botanical Garden . Retrieved 2021-04-01 .
^ "Geum 'Totally Tangerine' (PBR) | avens 'Totally Tangerine' " . rhs.org.uk . Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 2021-04-01 .
^ Certificate on the Grant of Community Plant Variety Rights, Decision No. 30066. Community Plant Variety Office (23 May 2011). Available from cpvoextranet.cpvo.europa.eu under application number 20091163.
^ "EU to UK transferred plant breeders' rights" . GOV.UK (Spreadsheet). 3 February 2021. Retrieved 2021-04-01 .
^ Cunnington, James H. (2008). "An annotated checklist of Peronospora species in Victoria". Australasian Mycologist . 27 (1 ). CiteSeerX 10.1.1.622.2877 .
External links
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R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geum_quellyon&oldid=1223958419 "
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