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F r o m W i k i p e d i a , t h e f r e e e n c y c l o p e d i a
Gymnopilus genus of gilled mushrooms within the fungal family Hymenogastraceae containing over 200[1]
Description [ edit ]
The fruit body is typically reddish brown to rusty orange to yellow, medium to large, often with a well-developed veil .
Similar genera [ edit ]
Members of Pholiota Cortinarius Gymnopilus . Pholiota can be distinguished by its viscid cap and duller (brown to cinnamon brown) spores , and Cortinarius grows on the ground. Beginners can confuse Gymnopilus with Galerina poisonous species.
Taxonomy [ edit ]
Gymnopilus was formerly divided among Pholiota Flammula . The genus has over 200 species worldwide.[2]
Psychoactive species [ edit ]
Fourteen members of Gymnopilus contain psilocybin ,[3] G. aeruginosus G. braendlei G. cyanopalmicola [4] G. dilepis [5] G. intermedius G. junonius G. luteofolius G. luteoviridis G. luteus G. purpuratus [4] G. subearlei [4] G. subpurpuratus [4] G. validipes G. viridans [6] G. junonius from Japan are reported to contain psilocybin, while some western North American members are inactive.[7]
Several species of Gymnopilus contain bis-noryangonin [4-hydroxy-6-(4-hydrostyryl)-2-pyrone] and hispidine [4-hydroxy-6-(3,4-dihydroxystyryl)-2-pyrone], which are closely related to the alpha-pyrones found in kava .[8]
Phylogeny [ edit ]
A 2003 phylogenetics study identified five well-supported clades within Gymnopilus :[2]
the spectabilis-imperialis group
nevadensis-penetrans group
a clade formed by G. underwoodii , G. validipes and G. cf. flavidellus
aeruginosus-luteofolius group
lepidotus-subearlei group
Although the genus Gymnopilus was found to be monophyletic , the phylogenetically related groups do not support the traditional infrageneric classifications based on morphology.
Etymology [ edit ]
The name means naked pileus .
Habitat [ edit ]
Most members of Gymnopilus grow on wood but at times may appear terrestrial if the wood is buried or decomposed.
References [ edit ]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
Gymnopilus .
^ a b Guzmán-Dávalos L, Mueller GM, Cifuentes J, Miller AN, Santerre A (2003). "Traditional infrageneric classification of Gymnopilus is not supported by ribosomal DNA sequence data" (PDF) . Mycologia 95 6 ): 1204–1214. doi :10.2307/3761920 . JSTOR 3761920 . PMID 21149021 .
^ Guzmán G, Allen JW, Gartz J (1998). "A worldwide geographical distribution of the neurotropic fungi, an analysis and discussion" (PDF) . Ann. Mus. Civ. Rovereto . 14 the original (PDF) on 2010-06-26. Retrieved 2007-01-10 .
^ a b c d e Guzmán-Dávalos L. (2006). "A new bluing, probably hallucinogenic species of Gymnopilus P. Karst. (Agaricomycetideae) from Mexico". International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms . 8 3 ): 289–293. doi :10.1615/intjmedmushr.v8.i3.110 . ISSN 1521-9437 .
^ Gotvaldova, Klara; Borovicka, Jan; Hajkova, Katerina; Cihlarova, Petra; Rockefeller, Alan; Kuchar, Martin (2022). "Extensive Collection of Psychotropic Mushrooms with Determination of Their Tryptamine Alkaloids" . International Journal of Molecular Sciences . 23 22 ): 14068. doi :10.3390/ijms232214068 ISSN 1422-0067 . PMC 9693126 PMID 36430546 .
^ Gymnopilus Chemistry, Entheogen review, Vol VII No. 3
^ http://www.svims.ca/ff0608.pdf [bare URL PDF
^ Hatfield GM, Brady LR. (1969). "Occurrence of bis-noryangonin in Gymnopilus spectabilis ". Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences . 58 10 ): 1298–1299. doi :10.1002/jps.2600581039 . PMID 5388695 .
C.J. Alexopolous, Charles W. Mims, M. Blackwell et al., Introductory Mycology, 4th ed. (John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken NJ, 2004) ISBN 0-471-52229-5
Hesler, L. R. (1969). North American species of Gymnopilus . New York: Hafner. 117 pp.
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gymnopilus&oldid=1212983158 " C a t e g o r i e s : ● G y m n o p i l u s ● A g a r i c a l e s g e n e r a H i d d e n c a t e g o r i e s : ● A l l a r t i c l e s w i t h b a r e U R L s f o r c i t a t i o n s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h b a r e U R L s f o r c i t a t i o n s f r o m M a r c h 2 0 2 2 ● A r t i c l e s w i t h P D F f o r m a t b a r e U R L s f o r c i t a t i o n s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h s h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n ● S h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n m a t c h e s W i k i d a t a ● A r t i c l e s u s i n g d i v e r s i t y t a x o b o x ● A r t i c l e s w i t h ' s p e c i e s ' m i c r o f o r m a t s ● C o m m o n s c a t e g o r y l i n k i s o n W i k i d a t a ● A r t i c l e s w i t h J 9 U i d e n t i f i e r s
● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 1 0 M a r c h 2 0 2 4 , a t 1 4 : 0 3 ( U T C ) . ● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n . ● P r i v a c y p o l i c y ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● D i s c l a i m e r s ● C o n t a c t W i k i p e d i a ● C o d e o f C o n d u c t ● D e v e l o p e r s ● S t a t i s t i c s ● C o o k i e s t a t e m e n t ● M o b i l e v i e w
