Harry Handly Caldwell (February 5, 1873 – April 27, 1939) was America's first submarinecaptain. He became the first naval submarine commanding officer, of any nation, when he assumed command of USS Holland (SS-1) on October 12, 1900.[1][2]
Prior to the Spanish–American War, Caldwell was serving on board the cruiser Olympia as flag secretary to Admiral George Dewey. As war with Spain grew imminent, Dewey moved the fleet from Hong Kong to Mirs Bay. Ensign Caldwell remained behind, awaiting official word of war from the United States. When he received the declaration, Caldwell made a daring journey through hostile and undeveloped parts of China, by open boat and on horseback, to deliver the news to Dewey. During the Battle of Manila Bay, Caldwell took charge of dispatches and commanded a secondary battery aboard the Olympia, which made him eligible for the Manila Bay Medal. He was cited for his bravery and advanced in rank. Upon his return home to Quincy, its citizens presented him with a silver loving cup, an imitation of the gold one presented to Dewey in New York.[2][5][9][10]
After the war, Caldwell remained with Dewey as his aide and secretary.[11] He was promoted to Lieutenant (junior grade) on March 3, 1899.[12] On November 9, 1899, he was best man at Admiral Dewey's wedding to Mrs. Mildred McLean Hazen.[2][13]
USS Holland
In March 1900, Admiral Dewey was invited to ride aboard the Holland when it was undergoing exhibition on the Potomac River.[14] When the Admiral politely declined, Caldwell was offered the opportunity and accepted. Caldwell was highly impressed by the new craft and requested to serve aboard her when she became a commissioned warship.[1] Caldwell commanded Holland during its pre commissioning trials off Newport, Rhode Island in August to September 1900. During the trials, Caldwell closed to within torpedo range of the USS Kearsarge, flagship of the U.S. Navy's North Atlantic Squadron, without being detected.[1][15] While in command, he also trained crews to man submarines under construction for the Navy by the Electric Boat Company.[2][16]
Following his submarine experience, he served on the USS Maine.[17] Next he conducted inspection duty at the Philadelphia and Camden Shipyards,[18]: 207 overseeing construction at Cramp's and Neafie & Levy's shipyards.[18]: 211 This was followed by service as navigator aboard the USS Milwaukee.[19]: 205 He was promoted to lieutenant commander on 1 January 1906.
Court martial
In May 1909, he was found guilty by court martial of "conduct to the prejudice of good order and discipline" due to overindulgence in alcohol.[20] One month later, on June 15, 1909, he retired after almost 22 years in uniform.[21] After his retirement, he entered the motion picture industry. In 1916, he became the vice president of the C. L. Chester Company, producing travel documentaries.[2]
Return to duty
On May 10, 1917, at the beginning of World War I, he returned to duty in the Fleet Naval Reserve.[21] He commanded the Amphitrite, the guard ship of New York Harbor.[5] He was in charge of the submarine net protecting New York harbor, and all entering vessels had to report to him.[2] He was promoted to commander on November 14, 1919.[3]
After the war, he resumed his position at the C. L. Chester Pictures Corporation where he met and, in 1921, married Katherine Hilliker (née Clark). Together they collaborated to write plays and movie scenarios for leading companies like Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, United Artists, and Fox. They also worked as production editors on many well-known silent and talking pictures, including Ben Hur and 7th Heaven. They were the parents of Captain Harry H. Caldwell Jr. (1922–2008), whose early career was also as a submarine officer in the U.S. Navy.[2][5][22]
^ abcdSubmarine Warfare Division. "Submarine Pioneers". Chief of Naval Operations. Archived from the original on June 12, 2015. Retrieved June 3, 2015.
^Hatch, Kristen (September 27, 2013). "Katharine Hilliker". Women Film Pioneers Project. New York, NY: Columbia University Libraries. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Navy.
Film
