HCNGorH2CNG (hydrogen compressed natural gas) is a mixture of compressed natural gas and 4–9 percent hydrogen by energy.[1] It may be used as a fuel gas for internal combustion engines[2][3][4] and home appliances.
(regarding the acronyms in the above emissions chart:
AVL = Average Levels?
CNG = Compressed Natural Gas
HCNG = Hydrogen and CNG blend
NOX = Nitrogen Oxides
NMHC = Non-Methane Hydrocarbons?
CH4 = Methane
THC = Total Hydrocarbons?
CO = Carbon Monoxide)
HCNG dispensers can be found at Hynor (Norway) Thousand palms and Barstow,[5] California, Fort Collins, Colorado (all US), Chongqing[6] and Shanxi (China),[7][8] Pico Truncado (Argentina),[9] Islamabad (Pakistan),[10][11] Dunkerque (France),[12][13] Gothenburg Sweden, Rio de Janeiro[14] (Brazil), Emilia-Romagna,[15][16] Lombardia[17][18] (Italy), Dwarka and Faridabad (Delhi), India[19][20][21] and the BC hydrogen highway in Canada.
HCNG for mobile use is premixed at the hydrogen station.
In the town of Nes on the island of Ameland in the Netherlands, a four-year (2008-2011) field test was carried out where 20% hydrogen was added to the local distribution net supplying a complex of 14 apartments.[22] The appliances involved were kitchen stoves, condensing boilers, and micro-CHP boilers.[23]
The use of existing natural gas pipelines for HCNG was studied by NaturalHy.[24]
To get the most out of an internal combustion engine in transportation if higher levels of hydrogen are added, modifications have to be made to the engine and the control strategy.[25][26][27] The hydrogen in the blend leads to lower CO2 emissions.[28]
The National Fire Protection Association 52 presently covers CNG and hydrogen fueling stations. Blends with < 20% hydrogen by volume are treated identically to CNG.[29] For the use of blends with more than 30[30]-40 % of hydrogen in volume[31] decision support tools[32] for the design are used to ensure safe use.
|
| ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Types |
|
| ||||||||
| Infrastructure |
| |||||||||
| Uses |
| |||||||||
