HadhabaniorHadhbāni, Hadhbānī, Hadhbâniyya[1] (also: Hadhbani) (Kurdish: ھەزەبانی, هۆزبان, Hecbanî) was a large medieval and most powerful Sunni MuslimKurdish tribe divided into several groups, centered at Arbil, Oshnavieh and Urmia. Their dominion included the regions of Maragha and Urmia to the east, Arbil, Sinjar, and parts of Jazira to the south and west, and Barkari, Hakkari and Salmas to the north,[1][2][3] as Erbil being one of their capital,[4] ruling between the year 906 to 1131/1144.[5][6]
According to vladimir Minorsky, The name of the Tribe is derived from geographical term for the region of Irbil, which is preserved in the name of the Nestorian diocese, Adiabene (HaSayyap).[7] the name is most likely a combination of hoz ("tribe") and bān ("leader"or" chief"), in Kurdish, which means "tribal leader".[8]
In 906 AD, Muhammad ibn Bilal Al-hadhbani, laid waste to the Mosul countryside. the Hamdanid ruler, Abu'l-Hayja Abdallah ibn Hamdan, perused him but suffered a defeat. The Abbasid caliph of Baghdad sent reinforcement and Abu'l-Hayja continued his perusing Muhammad ibn Bilal along with 5,000 Hadhbani Kurdish families. A peace was made and the Muhammad ibn Bilal had to surrender all their territories in northern Mosul to Daseni and Humaydi Tribe.[9][10]
According to Ibn Hawqal the region of Jazira was the Summer pasture of Hadhabani Kurds,[11] The presence of Hadhabani in the 10th century is attested from Dvîn in Armenia, passing through the banks of the Caspian to Al-Jazirah.[12]
In 1041AD, after the defeat of the invading Ghuz turks and subsequent massacre in UrmiabyRawadids and Hadhbani Kurds. They fled to Hakkari where they ravaged it. they were eventually defeated by the Kurds and 1500 Ghuz tribesmen were killed and the survivors were enslaved by the Kurds.[13][14]
The Mihranis were a branch of the Hadhbani tribe, resided near Mosul and Erbil. They made the infamous Kurdish corps Mihraniyya of the Ayyubid Army.[15][16]
the Zarzari tribe, may have been a branch of Hadhabani tribe that inhabited ushnu and Rawanduz. while some Zarzaris resided in Sinjar.[4][17]
^Conder, Claude Reignier (1897). The Life of Saladin. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund. p. xv. LCCN05039632. Salah ed-Din (Saladin) was the son of Ayûb, and grandson of Shadi, a Rawadiya Kurd of the great Hadâniya Tribe. He was thus of Kurd descent. Several of his bravest warriors and most trusted counsellors were Kurds, and during his reign, and that of his brother el'Adel, Kurds ruled in Armenia, Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, and Arabia.
