Harry Mohr Weese (June 30, 1915 – October 29, 1998) was an Americanarchitect[1] who had an important role in 20th century modernism and historic preservation. His brother, Ben Weese, is also a renowned architect.
Weese was born on June 30, 1915, in Evanston, Illinois, as the first son of Harry E. and Marjorie Weese. His father was an Episcopalian, and his mother was a Presbyterian.[2] In 1919, the family moved to a houseinKenilworth, Illinois, where Harry was raised. Weese was enrolled in the progressive Joseph Sears School in 1919. By 1925, Weese decided that he wanted to be either an artist or an architect.[3]
After graduating from New Trier High School, Weese enrolled at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1933 to earn a Bachelor in Architecture degree. Weese also took architecture classes at Yale University starting in 1936. Weese studied under Alvar Aalto at MIT, and fraternized with classmates I.M. Pei and Eero Saarinen. As his schooling was at the height of the Great Depression, Weese avoided studying expensive historical revival styles in favor of more-affordable modern styles. In the summer of 1937, Weese toured northern Europe on a bicycle, fostering his appreciation for the modernist movement.[3]
Upon his return to the United States, Weese was offered a fellowship at the Cranbrook Academy of Art[3]) through Eero Saarinen, whose father Eliel oversaw the school. At Cranbrook Academy of Art, he studied city planning, pottery, and textiles while learning more about Modernist principles. He worked alongside other emerging Modernist designers such as Ralph Rapson, Florence Knoll, and Charles Eames.[3]
Weese formed an architectural partnership in Chicago with classmate Benjamin Baldwin upon their graduation in 1940.[3] He would later marry Baldwin's sister, Kitty.[3] Following the brief partnership, Weese joined the firm of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM). Soon after joining, however, Weese enlisted as an engineering officer in the United States Navy for World War II. Weese moved back to Chicago after the war in 1945 and rejoined SOM.
In 1947, Weese started his independent design firm, Harry Weese Associates. His first commissions, such as the Robert and Suzanne Drucker HouseinWilmette, Illinois, were houses for family members and close associates. By the late 1950s, Weese began to receive major commissions. Although he continued to plan houses, Weese also built civic projects such as the Metropolitan Correctional Center in Chicago.
In the late 1970s, Weese was involved in the inception of the effort to host a 1992 World's Fair in Chicago. During that same period, he was also the prime mover in the preservation, rehabilitation and adaptive reuse of Chicago's Printer's Row neighborhood, converting loft buildings that had once housed printing industry firms into apartments and offices, thus proving the economic viability of repurposing urban historic buildings.[6]
From the mid-1980s, Weese drank heavily and his reputation faded; he died after years of going in and out of alcohol rehabilitation and a series of disabling strokes.[3][7][8]
Weese's parents were ProtestantChristians, but he himself was non-religious. While being interviewed by the building committee of the Seventeenth Church of Christ, Scientist in Chicago, when asked of his religious views, he said, "My father was Episcopalian, my mother Presbyterian, and I’m an architect".[2]
In a 1998 obituary, architectural critic Herbert Muschamp wrote that "Mr. Weese designed a systemwide network of stations that rank among the greatest public works of this century", referring to his design of the Washington Metro system. Muschamp noted that the vaulted ceilings at the crossings of subway lines "induce an almost religious sense of awe".[1]
In 2007, the design of the Washington Metro's vaulted-ceiling stations was voted number 106 on the "America's Favorite Architecture" list compiled by the American Institute of Architects (AIA), and was the only brutalist design to win a place among the 150 selected by this public survey. In January 2014, the AIA announced that it would present its Twenty-five Year Award to the Washington Metro system for "an architectural design of enduring significance" that "has stood the test of time by embodying architectural excellence for 25 to 35 years". The announcement cited the key role of Harry Weese, who conceived and implemented a "common design kit-of-parts" which continues to guide the construction of new Metro stations over a quarter-century later.[9]
1969 - Humanities Building at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, widely considered one the Midwest's best examples of brutalist architecture but slated for demolition by 2030.[11]
1975 - William J. Campbell United States Courthouse Annex in downtown Chicago (formerly known as the Metropolitan Correctional Center, Chicago.) Federal temporary holding prison which has no window bars, instead each cell is provided with a vertical 5" slot window. Weese was mandated to follow then new federal prison architectural guidelines, like cells having no bars and by original design each prisoner was housed separately.[12][13]
Chazen Museum of Art at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, formerly known as the Elvehjem Museum of Art
River Cottages at 357-365 N. Canal Street, Chicago. Sloped, structurally expressive facade responds to the angle and cross bracing of the railroad bridge directly across the river.
^"Landmark Designation Report"(PDF). Chicago Department of Housing and Economic Development. March 1, 2012. Archived(PDF) from the original on 21 November 2022. Retrieved April 29, 2023.
