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F r o m W i k i p e d i a , t h e f r e e e n c y c l o p e d i a
( R e d i r e c t e d f r o m H a z a r a v i r u s )
In 1954 the Hazara orthonairovirus Orthonairovirus Ixodes [2] [3] Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus [4]
Characteristics
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The Hazara orthonairovirus is part of the genus Orthonairovirus of the Bunyavirales RNA viruses with a genome split into three parts—Small (S ), Middle (M ) and Large (L ). The L RNA segment encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L protein), the M RNA segment encodes two surface glycoproteins (Gc and Gn), and the S RNA segment encodes a nucleocapsid protein (N ).[5] [3] ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes.[6] [7] Bunyaviridae [8] [9]
Transmission
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Hazara orthonairovirus is spread by the Ixodes redikorzevi vole inhabiting the Hazara District of Pakistan.[2]
Signs and symptoms
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Hazara orthonairovirus does not cause disease or symptoms in humans. In laboratory mice, symptoms can mirror those of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus [4]
Diagnosis
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Diagnosis in rodents is made by detecting Hazara orthonairovirus antibodies in the serum.[3]
Clinical importance
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Hazara virus serogroup as Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever interferon receptor knockout mouse model [10] [4] Hazara orthonairovirus could represent a valid model for CCHFV infection.
This finding is particularly important because using the Hazara orthonairovirus (biosafety level 2 ) as a model allows scientists to investigate this serogroup of viruses for the development of antivirals, without having to work in a biosafety level 4 environment, which is the highest available level of biosecurity, and is mandatory when working with intact CCHFV. While CCHFV is the most important human pathogen in this serogroup, Hazara research is potentially useful in the development of antiviral medications for all viruses in the genus Nairovirus [7]
References
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^ a b Begum, F.; Wisseman Jr., C. L.; Casals, J. (1970). "Tick-borne viruses of the West Pakistan: II. Hazara virus , a new agent isolated from Ixodes redikorzevi ticks from the Kaghan Valley, W. Pakistan12". American Journal of Epidemiology 92 3 ): 192–194. doi :10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a121197 . PMID 5458947 .
^ a b c Flusin, O.; Vigne, S.; Peyrefitte, C. N.; Bouloy, M.; Crance, J.-M.; Iseni, F. (2011). "Inhibition of Hazara nairovirus replication by small interfering RNAs and their combination with ribavirin" . Virology Journal 8 1 ): 249. doi :10.1186/1743-422X-8-249 PMC 3120786 PMID 21600011 .
^ a b c Dowall, S. D.; Findlay-Wilson, S.; Rayner, E.; Pearson, G.; Pickersgill, J.; Rule, A.; Merredew, N.; Smith, H.; Chamberlain, J.; Hewson, R. (2011). "Hazara virus infection is lethal for adult type I interferon receptor-knockout mice and may act as a surrogate for infection with the human-pathogenic Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus" . Journal of General Virology 93 3 ): 560–564. doi :10.1099/vir.0.038455-0 PMID 22090213 .
^ Crabtree, Mary B.; Sang, Rosemary; Miller, Barry R. (2009). "Kupe Virus, a New Virus in the Family, Genus, Kenya" (PDF) . Emerging Infectious Diseases 15 2 ): 147–154. doi :10.3201/eid1502.080851 PMC 2657624 PMID 19193256 .
^ Morikawa, S.; Saijo, M.; Kurane, I. (2007). "Recent progress in molecular biology of Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever". Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 30 doi :10.1016/j.cimid.2007.07.001 . PMID 17692916 .
^ a b Surtees, R.; Ariza, A.; Punch, E. K.; Trinh, C. H.; Dowall, S. D.; Hewson, R.; Hiscox, J. A.; Barr, J. N.; Edwards, T. A. (2015). "The crystal structure of the Hazara virus nucleocapsid protein" . BMC Structural Biology 15 doi :10.1186/s12900-015-0051-3 PMC 4696240 PMID 26715309 .
^ Bilk, S.; Schulze, C.; Fischer, M.; Beer, M.; Hlinak, A.; Hoffmann, B. (2012). "Organ distribution of Schmallenberg virus RNA in malformed newborns". Veterinary Microbiology 159 (1–2): 236–238. doi :10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.03.035 . PMID 22516190 .
^ Bréard, E.; Lara, E.; Comtet, L.; Viarouge, C.; Doceul, V.; Desprat, A.; Vitour, D.; Pozzi, N.; Cay, A. B. (2013). "Validation of a Commercially Available Indirect Elisa Using a Nucleocapside Recombinant Protein for Detection of Schmallenberg Virus Antibodies" . PLoS ONE 8 1 ): e53446. Bibcode :2013PLoSO...853446B . doi :10.1371/journal.pone.0053446 PMC 3546048 PMID 23335964 .
^ Bereczky, S.; Lindegren, G.; Karlberg, H.; Åkerström, S.; Klingström, J.; Mirazimi, A. (2010). "Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus infection is lethal for adult type I interferon receptor-knockout mice" . Journal of General Virology 91 6 ): 1473–1477. doi :10.1099/vir.0.019034-0 PMID 20164263 .
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazara_orthonairovirus&oldid=1136462545 " C a t e g o r y : ● N a i r o v i r i d a e H i d d e n c a t e g o r i e s : ● A r t i c l e s w i t h s h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n ● S h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n m a t c h e s W i k i d a t a ● A r t i c l e s w i t h ' s p e c i e s ' m i c r o f o r m a t s
● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 3 0 J a n u a r y 2 0 2 3 , a t 1 2 : 3 4 ( U T C ) . ● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n . ● P r i v a c y p o l i c y ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● D i s c l a i m e r s ● C o n t a c t W i k i p e d i a ● C o d e o f C o n d u c t ● D e v e l o p e r s ● S t a t i s t i c s ● C o o k i e s t a t e m e n t ● M o b i l e v i e w
