Petri was born in Cologne and received his early education both there and in Berlin. He began his university studies in 1928, taking in Economics, History and Philosophy, as well as coursework on Prehistory and Physical Anthropology, with studies that took him also to Rome, and Vienna where he studied under Wilhelm Schmidt. Wilhelm Koppers and Robert von Heine-Geldern were also among his teachers there. In this early phase Petri was particularly taken by Meso-American cultures, studying under the direction of Fritz Röck, and learnt Nahuatl.[1] He completed his PhD with a thesis on currencies in the South Pacific (Geldformen der Südsee ).[2][1]
On his return, Petri was drafted into the Wehrmacht and served as a radio-operator in France, Greece, North Africa and Italy. At war's end, he was taken prisoner and detained for several months in an American camp for POWs.[4] On his release, he resumed his former job at the Frobenius Institute, under Adolf Ellegard Jensen, lecturing in anthropology. After a further stint of fieldwork in Australia in 1953-1954. he was appointed to a full professorship in 1956, and department chair of the Department of Social and Cultural Anthropology at the University of Cologne two years later. In 1959 he married a fellow ethnologist, Gisela Odermann, who had also accompanied him on his fieldwork expedition in 1953/1954.[5] He retired in 1971.
Petri died in Cologne, after 6 weeks in an intensive care unit, after being hospitalized following a car accident in May 1986.[2][1]
McGregor, William B. (23 November 2015). "Frs. Hermann Nekes and Ernest Worms's "Australian Languages"". Anthropos. 102 (1): 99–114. doi:10.5771/0257-9774-2007-1-99. JSTOR40466792.
Michel, Thomas (1988). "Helmut Petri 1907–1986". Paideuma: Mitteilungen zur Kulturkunde. 34. Frobenius Institute: V–XIII. JSTOR23076465.
Petri, Helmut (April 1956). "Dynamik im Stammesleben Nordwest-Australiens". Paideuma: Mitteilungen zur Kulturkunde. 6 (3). Frobenius Institute: III, V–XIII, 152–168. JSTOR40341221.
Tindale, Norman Barnett (1974). Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names. Australian National University.