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Herbert Fröhlich (9 December 1905 – 23 January 1991) FRS [1] was a German-born British physicist.[6] [7]
In 1927, Fröhlich entered Ludwig-Maximilians University in Munich to study physics, and received his doctorate under Arnold Sommerfeld in 1930.[2] His first position was as Privatdozent at the University of Freiburg . Due to rising anti-Semitism and the Deutsche Physik movement under Adolf Hitler , and at the invitation of Yakov Frenkel , Fröhlich went to the Soviet Union , in 1933, to work at the Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute in Leningrad . During the Great Purge following the murder of Sergei Kirov , he fled to England in 1935. Except for a short visit to the Netherlands and a brief internment during World War II , he worked in Nevill Francis Mott 's[1] department, at the University of Bristol , until 1948, rising to the position of Reader . At the invitation of James Chadwick , he took the Chair for Theoretical Physics at the University of Liverpool .[1] [8]
In 1950, Bell Telephone Laboratories offered Fröhlich their endowed professorial position at Princeton University . However, at Liverpool he had a purely research post which was attractive to him. He was then newly married to an American, Fanchon Angst , who was studying linguistic philosophy at Somerville College, Oxford under P. F. Strawson , and who did not want to return to the United States at that time.[9] [10] [11] [12] [13]
From 1973, he was Professor of Solid State Physics at the University of Salford , however, all the while maintaining an office at the University of Liverpool, where he gained emeritus status in 1976 and remained there until his death. During 1981, he was a visiting professor at Purdue University .[14] [15] He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963 and in 1964.[16]
Fröhlich, who pursued theoretical research notably in the fields of superconductivity and bioelectrodynamics , proposed a theory of coherent excitations in biological systems known as Fröhlich coherence.[17] [18] [19] [20] [21] A system that attains this coherent state is known as a Fröhlich condensate, similar to room-temperature non-equilibrium Bose–Einstein condensation of quasiparticles .[22] [23] [24] [25] [26]
Honours and awards [ edit ]
Fröhlich was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1951 .[1] In 1972, he was awarded the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft Max-Planck Medal and in 1981 an Honorary Doctorate from Purdue University .[27]
Books by Fröhlich [ edit ]
Herbert Fröhlich Elektronentheorie der Metalle. (Struktur und Eigenschaften der Materie in Eigendarstellung, Bd.18). (Springer, 1936, 1969)
Herbert Fröhlich Elektronentheorie der Metalle (Ann Arbor: Edwards Brothers, First US edition, in German, 1943) ISBN 1-114-56648-9
Herbert Fröhlich Theory of Dielectrics: Dielectric Constant and Dielectric Loss (Clarendon Press, 1949, 1958)
Herbert Fröhlich and F. Kremer Coherent Excitations in Biological Systems (Springer-Verlag, 1983) ISBN 978-3-642-69186-7
Herbert Fröhlich, editor Biological Coherence and Response to External Stimuli (Springer, 1988) ISBN 978-3-642-73309-3
Personal life [ edit ]
Fröhlich was the son of Fanny Frida (née Schwarz) and Jakob Julius Fröhlich, members of an old-established Jewish family in their home town of Rexingen, and the brother of Albrecht Fröhlich , a mathematician who was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1976.[28] [29]
References [ edit ]
^ a b c Measuring state-of-order by dielectric response: A comprehensive review on Fröhlich entropy estimation – J. Parravicini, GB. Parravicini, Measuring state-of-order by dielectric response: A comprehensive review on Fröhlich entropy estimation, Results in Physics, v. 28, 104571 (2021)
^ a b c Parravicini, J. (2018). "Thermodynamic potentials in anisotropic and nonlinear dielectrics". Physica B . 541 : 54–60. Bibcode :2018PhyB..541...54P . doi :10.1016/j.physb.2018.04.029 . S2CID 125817506 .
^ Macroscopic response and directional disorder dynamics in chemically substituted ferroelectrics – J. Parravicini, E. DelRe, A.J. Agranat, GB. Parravicini, Macroscopic response and directional disorder dynamics in chemically substituted ferroelectrics, Phys. Rev. B, v. 93, 094203 (2016)
^ Terence W. Barrett and Herbert A. Pohl Energy Transfer Dynamics: Studies and Essays in Honor of Herbert Frohlich on His Eightieth Birthday (Springer-Verlag, 1987) ISBN 978-3-540-17502-5
^ GJ Hyland and Peter Rowlands (editors) Herbert Frohlich FRS: A Physicist Ahead of his Time. (University of Liverpool, 2006, 2nd edition 2008.) ISBN 978-0-906370-57-5
^ Biography of Herbert Frohlich (1905–1991) – Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics
^ "Fanchon Frohlich" . Fanchon Frohlich Artist Philosopher . 2020. Retrieved 6 April 2020 .
^ Hyland, Gerard (8 September 2016). "Fanchon Fröhlich obituary" . The Guardian . Retrieved 6 April 2020 .
^ Hyland, G.J. (2015). Herbert Fröhlich: A Physicist Ahead of His Time . Cham, Switzerland: Springer. pp. 120–121.
^ "Audrey F Aungst in the 1930 United States Federal Census" . Ancestry.com . 2 April 1930. Retrieved 6 April 2020 .
^ "Obituary for JOSEPH AUNCST [sic] (Aged 74)" . The Courier (Waterloo, Iowa) . 28 June 1944. Retrieved 6 April 2020 .
^ Fröhlich – Purdue University
^ Fröhlich, Herbert FRS (1905–1991), Physicist Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine – University of Liverpool
^ Nobel Prize Nominations
^ Fröhlich, H. (March 1968). "Bose condensation of strongly excited longitudinal electric modes" (PDF) . Physics Letters A . 26 (9 ): 402–403. Bibcode :1968PhLA...26..402F . doi :10.1016/0375-9601(68 )90242-9 .
^ Fröhlich, H. (September 1968). "Long-Range Coherence and Energy Storage in Biological Systems" (PDF) . International Journal of Quantum Chemistry . 2 (5 ): 641–649. Bibcode :1968IJQC....2..641F . doi :10.1002/qua.560020505 .
^ Fröhlich, H. (July 1977). "Long-range coherence in biological systems" (PDF) . La Rivista del Nuovo Cimento . 7 (3 ): 399–418. Bibcode :1977NCimR...7..399F . doi :10.1007/BF02747279 . S2CID 121598507 .
^ Fröhlich, Herbert; Kremer, Friedrich, eds. (1983). Coherent Excitations in Biological Systems . Proceedings in Life Sciences. Springer-Verlag . doi :10.1007/978-3-642-69186-7 . ISBN 978-3-642-69188-1 . S2CID 27896466 .
^ Fröhlich, Herbert, ed. (1988). Biological Coherence and Response to External Stimuli . Springer-Verlag. doi :10.1007/978-3-642-73309-3 . ISBN 978-3-642-73311-6 .
^ Moskalenko, S. A.; Pokatilov, E. P; Miglei, M. F.; Kiselyova, E. S. (October 1979). "Bose condensation of phonons in biological systems" (PDF) . Quantum Chemistry . 16 (4 ): 745–752. doi :10.1002/qua.560160405 .
^ Wu, T. M. (October 1994). "Chapter 16: Fröhlich's Theory of Coherent Excitation — A Retrospective" (PDF) . In Ho, Mae-Wan; Popp, Fritz-Albert; Warnke, Ulrich (eds.). Bioelectrodynamics and Biocommunication . World Scientific. pp. 387–409. doi :10.1142/9789814503822_0016 .
^ Catherine Meyers (13 October 2015). "Quantum Coherent-like State Observed in a Biological Protein for the First Time" . American Institute of Physics .
^ Katona, Gergely; et al. (October 2015). "Terahertz radiation induces non-thermal structural changes associated with Fröhlich condensation in a protein crystal" . Structural Dynamics . 2 (5 ): 054702. doi :10.1063/1.4931825 . PMC 4711649 . PMID 26798828 .
^ Zhang, Zhedong; Agarwal, Girish S.; Scully, Marlan O. (19 April 2019). "Quantum Fluctuations in the Fröhlich Condensate of Molecular Vibrations Driven Far From Equilibrium". Physical Review Letters . 122 (15 ): 158101. arXiv :1810.07883 . Bibcode :2019PhRvL.122o8101Z . doi :10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.158101 . PMID 31050540 . S2CID 53322370 .
^ Honorary Doctorate Recipient – Purdue University
^ Hyland, G.J. (2015). Herbert Fröhlich: A Physicist Ahead of His Time . Cham, Switzerland: Springer. p. 5.
^ Archives of UK's 11 important scientists' work to be preserved for posterity
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