Nikolaus Heinrich Ferdinand Herbert, Prince[a] of Bismarck (born Nikolaus Heinrich Ferdinand Herbert Graf von Bismarck-Schönhausen;[b] 28 December 1849 – 18 September 1904) was a German politician, who served as Foreign Secretary from 1886 to 1890. His political career was closely tied to that of his father, Otto von Bismarck, and he left office a few days after his father's dismissal. He succeeded his father as the 2nd Prince of Bismarck in 1898. He was born in Berlin and died in Friedrichsruh.
Herbert von Bismarck born in Berlin, the oldest son of Otto von Bismarck and his wife, Johanna, née von Puttkamer. He had an older sister, Marie (b. 1848), and a younger brother, Wilhelm (b. 1852). He fought in the Franco-Prussian War, sustaining a bullet wound through the left leg during a cavalry charge at the Battle of Mars-La-Tour. He joined the diplomatic service in 1874 on his father's wishes. Bismarck attempted to gain influence with the heir to the German throne, Prince Wilhelm, by appealing to his narcissism.[1] In June 1884, he wrote to thank Wilhelm for a portrait that Wilhelm had given to him after they returned from a state visit to Russia:
I beg Your Royal Highness most subserviently graciously to permit me to lay at your feet my deeply reverent and heartfelt thanks for Graciously Granting me the beautiful picture.... Long it is since I have been so joyful as the joy which Your Royal Highness accorded me by granting me the portrait with your very own Highest signature. For me, the words beneath the picture render it the most valuable possession which I own, and I cannot find words to express how happy Your Royal Highness has made me. I am truly overwhelmed by the Good Grace of Your Royal Highness.... The few days which to my greatest joy I was able to spend directly at the service of Your Royal Highness will always be among the loveliest in my life and... it will be my sole ambition for all time to stand prepared to receive Your Highest orders and to serve you with all my meagre powers.[2]
Bismarck became Under-Secretary and acting head of the Foreign Office in 1885, and the following year, he was appointed the State Secretary for Foreign Affairs. He additionally was appointed Minister of State of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1888. He once said, "My father is the only person who can handle this business" In 1890, when Kaiser Wilhelm II called for the resignation of Otto von Bismarck as Chancellor, Herbert von Bismarck also resigned as State Secretary, despite Wilhelm's attempts to retain him so that his de facto dismissal of his father would "look better in the eyes of the world".[3]
Bismarck had wanted to marry Princess Elisabeth zu Carolath-Beuthen in 1881, but his father would not allow it, as she was a Catholic divorcée and was ten years older than Herbert. The Chancellor pressured his son with tears, blackmail and threats to disinherit him by getting Kaiser Wilhelm I to change the primogeniture statutes. That experience left Herbert a very bitter and alcoholic man. He once shot five bullets through a Foreign Office window, to be told he may have hit someone. He replied, "Officials have to be kept in a permanent state of irritation and alarm; the moment that ceases they stop working".
On 21 June 1892 in Vienna, he married Countess Marguerite, Countess of Hoyos, a member of the originally Spanish House of Hoyos from Hungary. She herself was half-English and a grand-daughter of Robert Whitehead, the inventor of the torpedo. They had five children:
Countess Hannah Leopoldine Alice von Bismarck-Schönhausen (1893–1971), married Leopold von Bredow (1875–1933)
Countess Maria Goedela von Bismarck-Schönhausen (1896–1981), married Hermann Graf Keyserling (1880–1946)
^Regarding personal names: Fürst is a title, translated as Prince, not a first or middle name. The feminine form is Fürstin.
^Regarding personal names: Until 1919, Graf was a title, translated as Count, not a first or middle name. The female form is Gräfin. In Germany, it has formed part of family names since 1919.
^Röhl, John C. G. (2001). Wilhelm II - The Kaiser's Personal Monarchy 1888-1900 (English translation (2004) ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 324-5. ISBN9781107565951.
^ abHandbuch über den Königlich Preußischen Hof und Staat fur das jahr 1903, p. 58
^"Eisernes Kreuz von 1870", Königlich Preussische Ordensliste (in German), vol. 3, Berlin: Gedruckt in der Reichsdruckerei, 1877, p. 117 – via hathitrust.org
^Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1902),『Großherzogliche Orden』p. 145
^Hof- und - Staatshandbuch des Königreichs Bayern (1890), "Königliche Orden". pp. 31, 85
^Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Herzogtums Braunschweig für 1903. (1903). In S. Braunschweig (Ed.), Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Herzogtums Braunschweig (Vol. 1903). Meyer. p. 11
^Sachsen (1901). "Königlich Orden". Staatshandbuch für den Königreich Sachsen: 1901. Dresden: Heinrich. p. 145 – via hathitrust.org.
^Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg (1907),『Königliche Orden』pp. 43, 97
^"Ritter-Orden", Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie, 1904, pp. 66, 95, 158, retrieved 14 January 2021
^Bille-Hansen, A. C.; Holck, Harald, eds. (1903) [1st pub.:1801]. Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1903 [State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1903] (PDF). Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender (in Danish). Copenhagen: J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri. pp. 9–10. Retrieved 10 February 2021 – via da:DIS Danmark.
^"Kongl. Svenska Riddare-Ordnarne"(PDF), Sveriges statskalender för Skottåret 1892 (in Swedish), Stockholm, 1891, p. 444, retrieved 16 November 2020 – via gupea.ub.gu.se{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Prussia:
Baden: Grand Cross of the Zähringer Lion, 1887[7]
Bavaria:[8]
Brunswick: Grand Cross of the Order of Henry the Lion, 1889[9]
Ernestine duchies: Grand Cross of the Saxe-Ernestine House Order
Hesse and by Rhine: Grand Cross of the Merit Order of Philip the Magnanimous, 28 March 1886[10]
Oldenburg: Grand Cross of Honour of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig
Saxony: Grand Cross of the Albert Order, with Star in Silver, 1887[11]
Waldeck and Pyrmont: Order of Merit, 1st Class
Württemberg:[12]
Austria-Hungary:[13]
Belgium: Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold
Denmark: Grand Cross of the Dannebrog, in Brilliants, 30 July 1888[14]
French Empire: Officer of the Legion of Honour
Kingdom of Greece: Grand Cross of the Redeemer
Empire of Japan: Grand Cordon of the Rising Sun
Kingdom of Italy:
Netherlands: Grand Cross of the Netherlands Lion
Persian Empire:
Ottoman Empire:
Kingdom of Portugal: Grand Cross of Our Lady of Conception
Qing dynasty: Order of the Double Dragon, Class I Grade III
Kingdom of Romania: Grand Cross of the Star of Romania
Russian Empire:
Siam: Grand Cross of the Crown of Siam
Spain: Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III, 16 July 1885[15]
Sweden-Norway: Commander Grand Cross of the Polar Star, in Brilliants, 13 June 1888[16]
German Empire (1871–1918) 
Nazi Germany (1933–45) 
German Democratic Republic1 (1949–90) 
Federal Republic of Germany (1949–present) 
