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F r o m W i k i p e d i a , t h e f r e e e n c y c l o p e d i a
( R e d i r e c t e d f r o m H i n d u i s m i n S i n d h P r o v i n c e )
Overview of Hinduism in the Sindh province of Pakistan
Hinduism is the second-largest religion in Sindh , numbering 4.17 million people and comprising 8.73 percent of the province's population in the 2017 Pakistani census . Sindh has the largest population and the highest percentage of Hindus in Pakistan .[1] Sindh has the Shri Ramapir Temple , whose annual festival is the country's second-largest Hindu festival[2] (after the Hinglaj Yatra ).[3]
History [ edit ]
The region and its rulers play an important role in the Hindu epic, Mahabharata .[4] Hinduism and Buddhism were the predominant religions in Sindh before the arrival of Islam ,[6] when a number of Hindu castes and communities occupied the region. Many ancient Hindu temples still exist; many Hindu dynasties , including the Gupta , Pala , Kushan and Hindu Shahis , ruled the region before Muhammad ibn Qasim led the Umayyad army in the Islamic conquest of Sindh . The region still had a Hindu majority, but repeated campaigns and persecution by the Delhi Sultanate led to a gradual decrease in the Hindu population and an increased number of Muslims . Hindus were a minority in the region at the time of the Mughal Empire . After the formation of Pakistan , most Hindus migrated to India.[6]
Demographics [ edit ]
Colonial era [ edit ]
Hindus in the administrative divisions that compose the contemporary Sindh region (1901–1941)
District or Princely State
1901[10]
1911[11]
1921[12]
1931[13]
1941[14]
Pop.
%
Pop.
%
Pop.
%
Pop.
%
Pop.
%
Hyderabad District
242,692
24.54%
246,008
23.72%
160,211
27.94%
198,684
29.97%
245,849
32.4%
Shikarpur District
218,829
21.49%
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Tharparkar District
151,726
41.7%
196,793
43.08%
176,026
44.41%
218,850
46.76%
247,496
42.6%
Karachi District
115,240
18.96%
111,748
21.42%
138,485
25.55%
162,111
24.93%
222,597
31.18%
Khairpur State
36,431
18.28%
39,426
17.62%
35,362
18.31%
39,894
17.56%
49,604
16.22%
Upper Sind Frontier District
22,765
9.81%
26,495
10.07%
23,855
9.91%
29,174
10%
28,664
9.43%
Sukkur District
—
—
155,156
27.03%
148,188
29.04%
177,467
28.45%
195,458
28.22%
Larkana District
—
—
101,687
15.39%
97,154
16.25%
113,040
16.29%
91,062
17.81%
Nawabshah District
—
—
—
—
97,348
23.25%
115,899
23.34%
140,428
24.04%
Dadu District
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
58,372
14.99%
Total Hindus
787,683
23.1%
877,313
23.47%
876,629
25.24%
1,055,119
25.65%
1,279,530
26.43%
Total Population
3,410,223
100%
3,737,223
100%
3,472,508
100%
4,114,253
100%
4,840,795
100%
Modern era [ edit ]
In the 2017 census, Sindh's 4.18 million Hindus were 8.73 percent of the province's population; this included 83,000 (1.74 percent) scheduled-caste Hindus.[1] However, the proportion of scheduled caste Hindus is actually higher as they categorize themselves as Hindus in the census rather than as Scheduled Caste Hindu.[15] According to the Election Commission of Pakistan, voters who said that they were Hindu were 49 percent of the total in Umerkot and 46 percent in Tharparkar.[16] [17] According to voter estimates, Hindus have a population of 50,000 or more in 11 districts. All are in Sindh, except for Punjab's Rahim Yar Khan District .[18]
Umerkot District (52.15 percent), in Sindh, is Pakistan's only Hindu-majority district. The province's Tharparkar District has the highest district Hindu population. Four Sindh districts (Umerkot , Tharparkar , Mirpurkhas and Sanghar ) account for more than half of the country's Hindu population.[19]
A Sindhi Hindu wedding
Many Hindus – especially in Sindh's rural areas – follow the teachings of 14th-century Ramdevji , whose main temple (Shri Ramdev Pir temple ) is in Tando Allahyar . A growing number of urban Hindu youth in Pakistan associate themselves with ISKCON .[20] Other communities worship mother goddesses , their clan (or family) patrons.[21] [22] [23] Many Hindus in Sindh revere Guru Nanak , the founder of Sikhism , along with the Hindu gods. A large percentage of Sindhi Hindus consider themselves Nanakpanthi .[24]
Sindhi Hindus who cannot afford travel to India to release their loved ones' remains into the Ganges go to Churrio Jabal Durga Mata Temple in Nagarparkar .[25] According to a study, most scheduled-caste Hindus (91.5 percent) in the province's Tharparkar and Umerkot Districts faced discrimination and believed that its political parties are ignoring them.[26] Forced conversion of Hindu girls is a major problem faced by Hindus in Sindh, with an increased number of cases in the southern districts of Tharparkar, Umerkot and Mirpur Khas .[27] Sindh is Pakistan's only province with a separate law governing Hindu marriages .[28]
Ten seats are reserved for minorities in the provincial assembly .[29] In 2018, the Sindhi Krishna Kumari Kohli was the first Hindu to win a women's reserved seat in the Senate .[30] In the 2018 general election, Mahesh Kumar Malani (representing Tharparkar-II) was the first Hindu candidate to win a general seat in the National Assembly of Pakistan .[31] In the 2018 provincial assembly election, Hari Ram Kishori Lal and Giyan Chand Essrani were the first non-Muslims to win a general seat (non-reserved) in a provincial-assembly election.[32]
Temples [ edit ]
See also [ edit ]
References [ edit ]
Citations [ edit ]
^ "In a Muslim-majority country, a Hindu goddess lives on" . Culture & History . 10 January 2019. Archived from the original on January 10, 2019. Retrieved 30 May 2021 .
^ Gordon & Gordon 2014 , p. 7 .
^ a b Markovits, Claude (2000). The Global World of Indian Merchants, 1750–1947 . Cambridge University Press . p. 278 . ISBN 0-521-62285-9 .
^ India Census Commissioner (1901). "Census of India 1901. Vols. 9-11, Bombay" . JSTOR saoa.crl.25366895 . Retrieved 12 May 2024 .
^ India Census Commissioner (1911). "Census of India 1911. Vol. 7, Bombay. Pt. 2, Imperial tables" . JSTOR saoa.crl.25393770 . Retrieved 12 May 2024 .
^ India Census Commissioner (1921). "Census of India 1921. Vol. 8, Bombay Presidency. Pt. 2, Tables : imperial and provincial" . JSTOR saoa.crl.25394131 . Retrieved 6 May 2024 .
^ India Census Commissioner (1931). "Census of India 1931. Vol. 8, Bombay. Pt. 2, Statistical tables" . JSTOR saoa.crl.25797128 . Retrieved 5 May 2024 .
^ India Census Commissioner (1941). "Census of India, 1941. Vol. 12, Sind" . JSTOR saoa.crl.28215545 . Archived from the original on 29 January 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2024 .
^ "Scheduled castes have a separate box for them, but only if anybody knew" . Retrieved 30 May 2021 .
^ Khan, Iftikhar A. (28 May 2018), "Number of non-Muslim voters in Pakistan shows rise of over 30pc" , Dawn , retrieved 30 May 2021
^ "Pakistan General Election: Non-Muslim voters increase by 30 percent in 5 years, Hindus most numerically significant minority" , Firstpost , 22 July 2018
^ Aqeel, Asif (1 July 2018), "Problems with the electoral representation of non-Muslims" , Herald (Pakistan) , retrieved 30 May 2021
^ "District wise census" . Retrieved 5 August 2021 .
^ Latief, Samiya (July 18, 2020). "Explained: Pakistan's Krishna Temple and the controversy over its construction" . The Times of India . Retrieved 6 June 2021 .
^ Avari 2013 , pp. 219–220
^ Abbasi, Muhammad Yusuf (1992). Pakistani Culture . Oxford University : HarperCollins . pp. 16 . ISBN 9-789-694-15023-9 . OCLC 218233296 .
^ Ispahani 2017 , pp. 56–61
^ Guriro, Amar (18 October 2016), "Struggling to revive Gurmukhi" , Daily Times (Pakistan)
^ Iqbal, Aisha; Bajeer, Sajid (10 March 2011), "Contractor blasting through Tharparkar temple in search of granite" , The Express Tribune , retrieved 30 May 2021
^ Shah, Zulfiqar (December 2007), Information on Caste Based Discrimination in South Asia, Long Behind Schedule, a Study on the Plight of Scheduled Caste Hindus in Pakistan (PDF) , Indian Institute of Dalit Studies (IIDS) and International Dalit Solidarity Network (IDSN), retrieved 30 May 2021
^ Quratulain, Fatima (19 September 2017), "Forced conversions of Pakistani Hindu girls" , Daily Times (Pakistan) , retrieved 30 May 2021
^ Shahid Jatoi (8 June 2017). "Sindh Hindu Marriage Act—relief or restraint?" . Express Tribune . Retrieved 30 May 2021 .
^ Aqeel, Asif (1 July 2018), "Problems with the electoral representation of non-Muslims" , Herald (Pakistan) , retrieved 30 May 2021
^ "Hindu woman elected to Pakistan's senate in historic first: Report" , Times of India , 4 March 2018, retrieved 30 May 2021
^ Fazili, Sana (29 July 2018), "Meet Pakistan's First Hindu Candidate Mahesh Kumar Malani to Win on General Seat" , Network18 Group
^ "Pakistan election: Muslim-majority areas elect 3 Hindu candidates in Sindh" . Business Standard India . 31 July 2018.
^ "The Shiva festival in Umarkot is a reminder of Sindh's Hindu heritage" . 27 February 2018.
Bibliography [ edit ]
Ispahani, Farahnaz (2017) [2015]. Purifying the Land of the Pure: Pakistan's Religious Minorities . HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-190-62165-0 . OCLC 1020480157 .
MacLean, Derryl N. (1989). Religion and Society in Arab Sind . BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-08551-0 .
Kothari, Rita (2018j). Unbordered Memories: Sindhi Stories of Partition . India: Penguin Random House . ISBN 978-93-5305-345-1 .
Bhavnani, Nandita (2014). The Making of Exile: Sindhi Hindus and the Partition of India . Tranquebar Press. ISBN 978-93-84030-33-9 .
Abbasi, Reema (2014). Historic Temples in Pakistan: A Call to Conscience . Niyogi Books. ISBN 978-93-83098-49-1 .
Gordon, A. D. D.; Gordon, Sandy (2014). India's Rise as an Asian Power: Nation, Neighborhood, and Region . Georgetown University Press. ISBN 978-1-62616-074-3 .
Roy, Kumkum (2008l). Historical Dictionary of Ancient India . Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-1-4616-5917-4 .
External links [ edit ]
Hinduism
Religion
Society
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hinduism_in_Sindh&oldid=1229357126 "
C a t e g o r i e s :
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● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
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