China plans to launch eleven Huanjing (Chinese: 环境) satellites for disaster and environmental monitoring ("huanjing" is Chinese for "environment"). The satellites will be capable of visible, infrared, multi-spectral and synthetic-aperture radar imaging.[1]
The first two satellites, Huanjing-1A and Huanjing-1B, were launched on 6 September 2008 on a Long March 2C rocket from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center.[2] In a report dated 3 September 2008, the Associated Press of Pakistan indicated the launch would be conducted 5 September 2008 using a Long March 2C launch vehicle.[3] On 5 September 2008, Aviation Week reported the first launch would be of optical imaging satellites.[4]
Huanjing-1C was launched on 16 November 2012 on a Long March 2C rocket from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center. It is the first civilian Chinese remote sensing satellite to use a synthetic-aperture radar as imaging instrument. This S-band synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) was manufactured in Russia by NPO Mashinostroyeniya.[5]
The two satellites, Huanjing-2A and Huanjing-2B, were launched on 27 September 2020 at 03:23 UTC on a Long March 4B launch vehicle from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center. The satellites "provide services concerning environmental protection, natural resources, water conservancy, agriculture and forestry", Xinhua said.[6]
| Date (UTC) | COSPAR ID | SCN | Launch vehicle | Launch site | Payload | Outcome | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 September 2008, 03:25 | 2008-041A 2008-041B |
33320 33321 |
Long March 2C | Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center | Huanjing 1A and 1B | Success[7] | |
| 19 November 2012, 22:53 | 2012-064A | 38997 | Long March 2C | Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center | Huanjing 1C | Success[8] | Decayed[9] |
| 27 September 2020, 03:23 | 2020-067A 2020-067B |
46478 46479 |
Long March 4B | Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center | Huanjing 2A and 2B | Success[10] | |
| 12 October 2022, 22:53 | 2022-132A | 54035 | Long March 2C | Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center | Huanjing 2E | Success[11] | |
| 8 August 2023, 22:53 | 2023-116A | 57519 | Long March 2C | Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center | Huanjing 2F | Success[12] |
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Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ). | |
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