Inez Haynes Irwin (March 2, 1873 – September 25, 1970) was an American feminist author, journalist, member of the National Women's Party, and president of the Authors Guild.[2] Many of her works were published under her former name Inez Haynes Gillmore. She wrote over 40 books and was active in the suffragist movement in the early 1900s. Irwin was a "rebellious and daring woman",[2] but referred to herself as "the most timid of created beings".[3] She died at the age of 97.[4]
Irwin was a close friend of the American feminist writer Mary MacLane, who included a colorful personality portrait of Irwin in her newspaper articles in Butte, Montana, in 1910.
Inez Haynes was born on March 2, 1873, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to Gideon Haynes and Emma Jane (Hopkins) Haynes.[5] Her parents were from Boston in the United States, but were staying in Brazil because of her father's business problems. Her mother, her father's second wife, was 24 years younger than him, and had to raise a family of 17 children (10 of whom were her own).[2]
The family returned to Boston where Inez Haynes grew up. She attended four public schools, and then Radcliffe College between 1897 and 1900. At the time Radcliffe was a "center of suffragist sentiment", and Inez Haynes and Maud Wood Park founded the College Equal Suffrage League, which later became the National College Equal Suffrage League.[6]
In August 1897, Inez Haynes married Rufus H. Gillmore, a newspaper editor, and assumed the name Inez Haynes Gillmore. The Gillmores visited pre-War Europe where she met Russian revolutionaries and French impressionist painters.[2] While her husband supported her feminism, they later divorced. She published her first novel, June Jeopardy in 1908 and soon after became fiction editor of The Masses, a left-wing monthly magazine. In January 1916, she married writer William Henry Irwin, and her name changed to Inez Haynes Irwin, although she continued publishing under her former name, Inez Haynes Gillmore. The Irwins summered in Scituate, Massachusetts, during the early 1900s.[7] During World War I the Irwins lived in Europe where she worked as a war correspondent in England, France and Italy.[2] Inez Haynes estimated that between 500,000 and 750,000 women were killed in the war.[8] William Henry died in 1948 and she moved to Scituate, Massachusetts, where she remained until her death at the age of 97 on September 25, 1970.[4][5]
Inez Haynes was a feminist leader and a political activist. She was a member of the National Advisory Council of the National Women's Party,[9] and wrote the Party's biography, The Story of the Woman's Party, in 1921. She also wrote a history of American women, Angels and Amazons: A Hundred Years of American Women (1933).[6]
Apart from the non-fiction works noted above, she published over 30 novels, including Angel Island (1914), a "radical feminist Swiftian fantasy" about a group of men stranded on an island occupied by winged women.[10][11]Angel Island was republished in 1988 as a "classic of early feminist literature" with an introduction by science fiction and fantasy author Ursula K. Le Guin.[11] Her fiction often addressed feminist issues and the plight of women, including divorce, single parenthood and problems in the workplace.[9]
Her 15-book "Maida" series of children's books was written over a period of 45 years, and tells the story of a school girl whose mother has died and whose father is very wealthy.[9]
She also wrote short stories for magazines, one of which, "The Spring Flight," won her the O. Henry Memorial Prize in 1924.[12]
The Californiacs, A. M. Robertson, 1916 – a travel book about California
The Native Son, A. M. Robertson, 1919 – a book on California
The Story of the Women's Party, Harcourt, 1921; published as Up Hill With Banners Flying, Traversity Press, 1964 – a biography of the National Women's Party's and a history of the suffragists
Angels and Amazons: A Hundred Years of American Women, Doubleday, 1933 – a collection of biographical sketches
Good Manners for Girls, Appleton-Century, 1937
"You Bet I Am!" (article), Woman's Day, October 1938
Adventures of Yesterday, General Microfilm, 1973 – an autobiography
Source: Feminist Science Fiction, Fantasy and Utopia[5]
^Harold Howard, compiler, Towns of Scituate and Marshfield Massachusetts Directory 1918: Containing an Alphabetical List of the Inhabitants, a Summer Resident Directory … (Boston: Harold Howard, 1918), 79.
Irwin, Inez Haynes (1989). "The Making of a Militant". In Showalter, Elaine (ed.). These modern women: autobiographical essays from the twenties. Feminist Press. pp. 34–40. ISBN1-55861-007-3.
