Ingibiorg Finnsdottir (normalised Old Norse: Ingibjǫrg Finnsdóttir, Norwegian: Ingebjørg Finnsdotter) was a daughter of Earl Finn Arnesson and Bergljot Halvdansdottir.[1] She was also a niece of Kings Olaf II and Harald Hardrada of Norway.[2] She is also known as Ingibiorg, the Earls'-Mother.[3] The dates of her life are not known with certainty.
Ingibiorg remarried after Thorfinn's death (actual date unknown).[9] Her second husband was King Malcolm III of Scotland. Whatever the exact date of the marriage, Malcolm and Ingibiorg had at least one son, and probably two. The Orkneyinga Saga tells us that Duncan II (Donnchad mac Mail Coluim) was their son,[10] and it is presumed that the『Domnall son of Máel Coluim, King of Scotland』whose death in 1085 is reported by the Annals of Ulster was also their son.[11]
Ingibiorg is presumed to have died in around 1069 as Malcolm married Margaret, sister of Edgar Ætheling, in about 1070.[12] It may be, however, that she died before Malcolm became king, as an Ingeborg comitissa appears in the Liber Vitae Ecclesiae Dunelmensis, a list of those monks and notables from whom prayers were said at Durham, alongside persons known to have died around 1058.[13] If Ingibiorg was never queen, it would help to explain the apparent ignorance of her existence displayed by some Scots chroniclers.[14]
^Per Norseng. "Finn Arnesson". Store norske leksikon. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
^Saga of Harald Sigurdsson, c. 45; Orkneyinga Saga, c. 34, says that Ingibiorg was a cousin of Thora, Harald Hardraade's wife and mother of Olaf III of Norway.
^Kalf's exile is in the Saga of Magnus the Good, c. 14, Harthacanute's death, c. 17; Orkneyinga Saga, c. 25, offers no information which could be used to date the marriage.
^Orkneyinga Saga, c. 34; Saga of Harald Sigurdsson, c. 83.
^Narve Bjørgo. "Erlend Torfinnsson". Norsk biografisk leksikon. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
^Nils Petter Thuesen. "Pål Torfinnsson". Norsk biografisk leksikon. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
^Orkneyinga Saga, c. 32, says that he "died towards the end of the reign of Harald [Hardraade]". Harald reigned for twenty years. See also Duncan, p. 42, who suggests Thorfinn died in the early 1050s.
Snorri Sturluson, Heimskringla: History of the Kings of Norway, tr. Lee M. Hollander. Reprinted University of Texas Press, Austin, 1992. ISBN0-292-73061-6
