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( R e d i r e c t e d f r o m I r i s g e r m a n i c a )
Iris × germanica
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
Clade :
Tracheophytes
Clade :
Angiosperms
Clade :
Monocots
Order:
Asparagales
Family:
Iridaceae
Genus:
Iris
Subgenus:
Iris subg. Iris
Section:
Iris sect. Pogon
Species:
I. × germanica
Binomial name
Iris × germanica
L.
Synonyms [1]
Iris × amoena Redouté
Iris × atroviolacea Lange
Iris × australis Tod.
Iris × belouinii Bois & Cornuault
Iris × biliottii Foster
Iris × buiana Prodan
Iris × croatica Horvat & M.D.Horvat
Iris × cypriana Foster & Baker
Iris × deflexa Knowles & Westc.
Iris × germanica var. gypsea Rodigas
Iris × glauca Salisb.
Iris × humei G.Don
Iris × laciniata Berg
Iris × latifolia Gilib.
Iris × macrantha Simonet
Iris × mesopotamica Dykes
Iris × murorum Gaterau
Iris × neglecta Hornem.
Iris × nepalensis Wall. ex Lindl.
Iris × nostras Garsault
Iris × nyaradyana Prodan
Iris × pallida Ten.
Iris × redouteana Spach
Iris × repanda Berg
Iris × rothschildii Degen
Iris × sambucina L.
Iris × spectabilis Salisb.
Iris × squalens L.
Iris × superba Berg
Iris × tardiflora Berg
Iris × trojana A.Kern. ex Stapf
Iris × varbossania K.Malý
Iris × venusta J.Booth ex Berg
Iris × violacea Savi
Iris × vulgaris Pohl
Iris × germanica flowering plants in the family Iridaceae bearded iris [2] German bearded iris .[3] group of hybrid origin.[4] : 87 I. × g. var. florentina
Description
[ edit ]
Iris × germanica grows up to 120 cm (47 in ) high and 30 cm (12 in ) wide.[5] in ) deep and it is a rhizomatous perennial that blooms mid to late spring. Hundreds of cultivars exist representing nearly every colour from jet black to sparkling whites and red.[6] [7]
Biochemistry
[ edit ]
It is known to produce the isoflavone irilone ,[8] [9]
Genetics
[ edit ]
As most irises are diploid , having two sets of chromosomes , this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.[10] [11]
Taxonomy
[ edit ]
It is most commonly known as 'bearded iris' and in the UK occasionally as 'common German flag'.[12]
It was first published and described as Iris germanica by Carl Linnaeus in his book 'Species Plantarum ' on page 38 in 1753.[13] [14] [15] Kew and many other authorities state that it is a hybrid , so is named as Iris × germanica , with the cross 'x' showing its hybrid status.[16] [17]
It is a European hybrid, rather than a true wild species.[5] Iris × germanica is considered to have been a natural hybrid between Iris pallida Iris variegata [18]
Iris germanica is an accepted name by the RHS ,[12] United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service on 8 May 1996. They also state it has unknown parentage.[14]
The named cultivars are most commonly sold in shops as Iris germanica ,[19] [7]
Distribution and habitat
[ edit ]
Iris × germanica is thought to be originated in the Mediterranean region.[14] [12] naturalized across Europe.[11]
Cultivation
[ edit ]
It prefers to grow in full sun, with well-drained soil. It normally retains some of its leaves over the winter period. After it has flowered and during dry conditions through the summer is best time to divide and transplant.[11]
Propagation
[ edit ]
It can be propagated by seed and by division.[18]
Hybrids and cultivars
[ edit ]
Iris × germanica has many cultivars,[7] [20] [11]
'Amas'
'Askabadensis'
'Baveilles'
'Belouinii'
'Biliotti'
'Black Prince'
'Col Du Chat'
'Cretan'
'Crimson King'
'Croatica'
'Deflexa'
'Dominion'
'Dusky Challenger'
'Florentina'
'Fontarabie'
'Germanica'
'Germanica Alba'
'Germanica Caerulea'
'Germanica Major'
'Germanica Marmorata'
'Germanica Maxima'
'Germanica Violacea'
'Germanica Vulgaris'
'Gnome'
'Gypsy Queen'
'Istria'
'Junonia'
'Kharput'
'Kirman'
'Kochii'
'Kurdistan'
'Lemperg Purple'
'Macrantha'
'Nepalensis'
'Oriflamme'
'Paladin'
'Purple King'
'Seattle'
'Sivas'
'Srinagar'
'Thun'
'Titan's Glory'
'Turchino'
'Varbosiana'
'Varbossana'.
I. × germanica var. amas was one of the most important cultivars in the creation of the modern tetraploid tall-bearded Irises.[11]
In Italy and Thailand, the leaves can be affected by a fungus, Torula masonii [21]
In culture
[ edit ] Irises by Vincent van Gogh ,1890
In Iran and Kashmir,[22] Iris kashmiriana Iris × germanica [23] Muslim [24] [10] [25] [26]
It has frequently been painted including 'Irises' (see right) and 'Irises ' both by Vincent van Gogh in 1890.[27]
Photo gallery
[ edit ]
See also
[ edit ]
References
[ edit ]
^ Rudy J. Favretti and Joy P. Favretti Landscapes and Gardens for Historic Buildings: A Handbook for Reproducing and creating authentic landscape settings Google Books
^ Stace, C. A. (2010). New Flora of the British Isles (Third ed.). Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521707725
^ a b "Garden Bearded Irises" . Pacific Bulb Society. Retrieved 25 November 2014 .
^ Ashtakala, S. S.; Forward, D. F. (January 2011). "Pigmentation in iris hybrids: Occurrence of flavonoid pigments in six cultivars of Iris germanica". Canadian Journal of Botany . 49 11 ): 1975–1979. doi :10.1139/b71-276 .
^ a b c "Iris Germanica (Bearded Iris)" . Gardenia.net . Retrieved 29 July 2021 .
^ "Lipase-catalyzed regioselective protection/deprotection of hydroxyl groups of the isoflavone irilone isolated from Iris germanica" . 27 2 ).
^ Shahid Akbar Handbook of 200 Medicinal Plants: A Comprehensive Review of Their Traditional Medical Uses and Scientific Justifications Google Books
^ a b Austin, Claire (2005). Irises: A Gardener's Encyclopedia . Timber Press, Incorporated. ISBN 978-0881927306 OL 8176432M .
^ a b c d e Laurin, T. (6 May 2019). "(SPEC) Iris germanica L." Retrieved 4 May 2020 .
^ a b c "Iris germanica bearded iris" . rhs.org.uk . Retrieved 4 May 2020 .
^ "Iris × germanica L. is an accepted name" . theplantlist.org (The Plant List ). 23 February 2012. Retrieved 17 May 2016 .
^ a b c "Iris germanica " . Germplasm Resources Information Network Agricultural Research Service , United States Department of Agriculture . Retrieved 4 May 2020 .
^ "Iris germanica L., Sp. Pl. 1: 38 (1753)" . ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 4 May 2020 .
^ "Iris × germanica L. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science" . Plants of the World Online . Retrieved 29 July 2021 .
^ "Iris × germanica – Species Details" . Atlas of Florida Plants . Retrieved 29 July 2021 .
^ a b "FNA Vol. 26 Page 373, 375, 376" . efloras.org (Flora of North America) . Retrieved 4 May 2020 .
^ "Iris germanica Collection (Bearded Iris) | J Parker Dutch Bulbs" . jparkers.co.uk . Retrieved 29 July 2021 .
^ McIntosh, Jamie (21 June 2021). "9 Top Types of Iris for the Flower Garden" . The Spruce . Retrieved 29 July 2021 .
^ Li, Jun-Fu; Phookamsak, Rungtiwa; Jeewon, Rajesh; Bhat, Darbhe J.; Mapook, Ausana; Camporesi, Erio; Shang, Qiu-Ju; Chukeatirote, Ekachai; Bahkali, Ali H.; Hyde, Kevin D. (2017). "Molecular taxonomy and morphological characterization reveal new species and new host records of Torula species (Torulaceae, Pleosporales)". Mycological Progress . 16
^ "Chapter I Rhizomatous Iris (part 2)" . irisbotanique.over-blog.com. Retrieved 20 October 2015 .
^ Singh, Gurcharan. "Kashmir Iris" . flowersofindia.net. Retrieved 22 October 2015 .
^ Stebbings, Geoff (1997). The Gardener's Guide to Growing Irises 23 ISBN 0715305395
^ British Iris Society (1997) A Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation Google Books
^ Trak, Touseef Hussain; Upadhayay, Ravi (April 2015). "Ethnobotanical And Taxonomic Study of Members of Iridaceae Family of Kishtwar, (Jammu And Kashmir) India" (PDF) . International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences . 6 2 ): 779–793. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 August 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2015 .
^ Jennifer Helvey Irises: Vincent van Gogh in the Garden Google Books
Sources
[ edit ]
Czerepanov, S. K. 1995. Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR) Cambridge University Press. Note: lists as Iris germanica L.
Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. Note: lists as Iris germanica L.
Encke, F. et al. 1993. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage Note: = species
FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America. Note: lists as Iris germanica L.
Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR. Note: = Iris germanica L.
Lampe, K. F. & M. A. McCann. 1985. AMA handbook of poisonous and injurious plants
Mathew, B. 1981. The Iris. 25–28.
Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
Personal Care Products Council. INCI
Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica. Note: lists as Iris germanica L.
Stace, C. 1995. New flora of the British Isles. Note: natzd.
Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq. Note: = Iris germanica L.
Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea. Note: = Iris germanica L.*
Waddick, J. W. & Zhao Yu-tang. 1992. Iris of China
Walters, S. M. et al., eds. 1986–2000. European garden flora
t
e
Section Iris
Section Oncocyclus
Section Hexapogon
Section Psammiris
Section Pseudoregelia
Section Regelia
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iris_×_germanica&oldid=1193162172 " C a t e g o r i e s : ● I r i s ( p l a n t ) ● F l o r a o f E u r o p e ● G a r d e n p l a n t s o f E u r o p e ● P l a n t s d e s c r i b e d i n 1 7 5 3 ● T a x a n a m e d b y C a r l L i n n a e u s H i d d e n c a t e g o r i e s : ● C S 1 e r r o r s : m i s s i n g p e r i o d i c a l ● A r t i c l e s w i t h s h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n ● S h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n i s d i f f e r e n t f r o m W i k i d a t a ● U s e d m y d a t e s f r o m N o v e m b e r 2 0 2 1 ● A r t i c l e s w i t h ' s p e c i e s ' m i c r o f o r m a t s ● T a x o n b a r s w i t h 4 0 – 4 4 t a x o n I D s
● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 2 J a n u a r y 2 0 2 4 , a t 1 1 : 1 1 ( U T C ) . ● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n . ● P r i v a c y p o l i c y ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● D i s c l a i m e r s ● C o n t a c t W i k i p e d i a ● C o d e o f C o n d u c t ● D e v e l o p e r s ● S t a t i s t i c s ● C o o k i e s t a t e m e n t ● M o b i l e v i e w
