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Nummaṛ
نماڑ الزيغآلي | |
|---|---|
| Regions with significant populations | |
 Pakistan | 100,000 |
 Iran | 25,000 |
| Languages | |
| Jadgali and Balochi (Makrani dialect)[1] | |
| Religion | |
| Islam | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Sindhis[citation needed] | |
The Jadgal (also known as Nummaṛoraz-Zighālī) is an Indo-Aryan ethno-linguistic group which speaks the Jadgali language.[2] Jadgals are present in the Balochistan region of Iran and Pakistan, as well as in Oman.[3]
The "Jadgal" is a balochi language term, made of two words Jad (Jat) and Gal (speech, organization, group), basically a group of jats. The balochs historically used the Jadgal word for indigenous Sindhis of Makran, and Jadgali for their language.[4][failed verification]
The affix Gal and Gali are also used in Afghanistan for non Muslim tribes like Waegal, Baragal, Bashgal etc. The Jadgals also called as Jagdal are also found in southern extreme of Eastern Afghanistan. The places in Afghanistan like Jagdalak in Jalalabad district and Jaldak in Kalati Ghilzi in Kandahar district indicates that Jadgal people inhabited these places.[citation needed]
Jadgal people are often connected with the Jats of Balochistan.[5] They migrated from Sindh via BelatoPanjgur.[6][full citation needed][7][full citation needed][8][9] Anthropologist Henry Field notes the origin of the Jadgals to be in the western Indian subcontinent; they subsequently migrated to Kulanch and are still found in Sindh and Balochistan.[10] the term was used to distinguish between a Sindhi and pure baloch.[11][need quotation to verify]
Many historians believe that the Jadgal were the original natives of Balochistan before the Baloch arrived from eastern Iran.[citation needed] The Arwal and Manjotha tribes of Dera Ghazi Khan are of Jadgal origin. When the Arabs arrived in modern-day Sindh and Baluchistan, they met the Jadgal at the coastofMakran where the Arab name of az-Zighālī comes from.[12] In 1811, Saidi Balochis as well as Jadgal mercenary troops were killed in a battle with the Wahhabis against the Sultanate of Oman.[13]
Around 100,000 Jadgals live in Pakistan according to a 1998 census conducted by Pakistan.[14] In Iran, the Sardarzahi ethnic group is of Jadgal origin, claiming to be from Sindh.[15] The rest of the Jadgals number around 25,000 according to a 2008 census conducted by Iran.[12] All of the Jadgals in Iran live in the Sistan and Baluchistan, Hormozgan and Kerman provinces.[16][17]
Most Jadgals speak their native Jadgali language. It is one of the Sindhi languages and one of the only two native Indo-Aryan languages spoken in Iran.[citation needed] Many linguists believe the Lasi dialect of the Lasi people may be related to Jadgali.[18]
Jadgals who migrated from Sind via Bela to Panjgur.
The Jadgāl claim to have immigrated from Sind some ten generations ago.
The Jadgals (q.v.) are a Sindi tribe, undoubtedly of Lumri origin. Originally called in as mercenaries or auxiliaries.
Since they appear to be a purely Indian people, it is presumed that they migrated westward. Although the name Jadgals is now confined to Kulanch, the influential Rais-Baluch are connected with them.
the top of the pyramid are superior tribes locally dubbed as Hakom, independent influential tribes are in the middle, and other inferior weak tribes are at the bottom of the pyramid. Hakom are Khans or Sardars, which in outer Chabahar refers to Sardarzahi and Boledehi tribes. Hoot and Mir (Jadgals) are examples of independent, influential tribes.
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