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( T o p )
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● A c è h ● አ ማ ር ኛ ● ا ل ع ر ب ي ة ● Ա ր ե ւ մ տ ա հ ա յ ե ր է ն ● A s t u r i a n u ● A z ə r b a y c a n c a ● ت ۆ ر ک ج ه ● B a s a B a l i ● ব া ং ল া ● Б а ш ҡ о р т с а ● Б е л а р у с к а я ● Б е л а р у с к а я ( т а р а ш к е в і ц а ) ● भ ो ज प ु र ी ● B i k o l C e n t r a l ● Б ъ л г а р с к и ● བ ོ ད ་ ཡ ི ག ● B o s a n s k i ● C a t a l à ● C e b u a n o ● Č e š t i n a ● D a n s k ● D e u t s c h ● E e s t i ● Ε λ λ η ν ι κ ά ● E s p a ñ o l ● E s p e r a n t o ● E u s k a r a ● ف ا ر س ی ● F r a n ç a i s ● G a e i l g e ● G a l e g o ● ग ो ं य च ी क ो ं क ण ी / G õ y c h i K o n k n n i ● 한 국 어 ● Հ ա յ ե ր ե ն ● ह ि न ् द ी ● H r v a t s k i ● I d o ● B a h a s a I n d o n e s i a ● И р о н ● I t a l i a n o ● ע ב ר י ת ● J a w a ● ಕ ನ ್ ನ ಡ ● ქ ა რ თ უ ლ ი ● Қ а з а қ ш а ● K u r d î ● L a t i n a ● L a t v i e š u ● M a g y a r ● म ै थ ि ल ी ● M a l a g a s y ● മ ല യ ാ ള ം ● م ص ر ى ● B a h a s a M e l a y u ● မ ြ န ် မ ာ ဘ ာ သ ာ ● N e d e r l a n d s ● न े प ा ल ी ● न े प ा ल भ ा ष ा ● 日 本 語 ● N a p u l i t a n o ● N o r d f r i i s k ● N o r s k b o k m å l ● N o r s k n y n o r s k ● O c c i t a n ● O ʻ z b e k c h a / ў з б е к ч а ● ਪ ੰ ਜ ਾ ਬ ੀ ● پ ن ج ا ب ی ● ភ ា ស ា ខ ្ ម ែ រ ● P o l s k i ● P o r t u g u ê s ● R o m â n ă ● Р у с с к и й ● स ं स ् क ृ त म ् ● S h q i p ● S i m p l e E n g l i s h ● س ن ڌ ي ● С р п с к и / s r p s k i ● S r p s k o h r v a t s k i / с р п с к о х р в а т с к и ● S u n d a ● S u o m i ● S v e n s k a ● T a g a l o g ● த ம ி ழ ் ● T a q b a y l i t ● త ె ల ు గ ు ● ไ ท ย ● Т о ҷ и к ӣ ● L e a f a k a - T o n g a ● ತ ು ಳ ು ● T ü r k ç e ● У д м у р т ● У к р а ї н с ь к а ● ا ر د و ● T i ế n g V i ệ t ● W i n a r a y ● 吴 语 ● 粵 語 ● 中 文 ● B a t a k T o b a
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F r o m W i k i p e d i a , t h e f r e e e n c y c l o p e d i a
Genus of flowering plant in the olive family Oleaceae
Common jasmine
Jasmine (botanical name : Jasminum YAS -mih-nəm[5] genus of shrubs and vines in the olive family of Oleaceae .[4] [6] [7] : 193 tropical and warm temperate regions of Eurasia , Africa , and Oceania .[7] : 194 Other plants called "jasmine" ).
Description [ edit ]
Jasmine can be either deciduous (leaves falling in autumn) or evergreen (green all year round), and can be erect, spreading, or climbing shrubs and vines . Their leaves are borne in opposing or alternating arrangement and can be of simple, trifoliate, or pinnate formation.
Flowers and fruit [ edit ]
The flowers are typically around 2.5 cm (0.98 in ) in diameter. They are white or yellow, although in rare instances they can be slightly reddish. The flowers are borne in cymose clusters with a minimum of three flowers, though they can also be solitary on the ends of branchlets. Each flower has about four to nine petals , two locules , and one to four ovules . They have two stamens with very short filaments. The bracts are linear or ovate. The calyx is bell-shaped. They are usually very fragrant.[7] [additional citation(s ) needed
The fruits of jasmines are berries that turn black when ripe.
The basic chromosome number of the genus is 13, and most species are diploid (2n=26). However, natural polyploidy exists, particularly in Jasminum sambac Jasminum flexile Jasminum mesnyi Jasminum angustifolium [7] [additional citation(s ) needed
Distribution and habitat [ edit ]
Jasmines are native to tropical and subtropical regions of Eurasia , Africa , Australasia within Oceania , although only one of the 200 species is native to Europe.[8] [9] [10] center of diversity is in South Asia and Southeast Asia .[11]
Several jasmine species have become naturalized in Mediterranean Europe . For example, the so-called Spanish jasmine (Jasminum grandiflorum West Asia , the Indian subcontinent , Northeast Africa , and East Africa , and is now naturalized in the Iberian peninsula .[7] [12]
Jasminum fluminense Jasminum dichotomum invasive species in Hawaii and Florida .[13] [14] Jasminum polyanthum invasive weed in Australia.[15]
Etymology [ edit ]
The name comes from Old French jessemin , from Persian : یاسمن , romanized : yāsamin [16] Middle Persian word yāsaman yāsamīn يَاسَمِين Arabic .[17] [18] Middle French around 1570 and was first used in English in 16th century England.[18] Jasminum .[19]
Taxonomy [ edit ]
Species belonging to the genus are classified under the tribe Jasmineae of the olive family (Oleaceae ).[7] Jasminum is divided into five sections —Alternifolia , Jasminum , Primulina , Trifoliolata , and Unifoliolata .[20]
Species [ edit ]
Species include:[21]
J. adenophyllum Wall. – bluegrape jasmine, pinwheel jasmine, princess jasmine
J. andamanicum N.P.Balakr. & N.G.Nair
J. angulare Vahl
J. angustifolium (L.) Willd.
J. auriculatum Vahl – Indian jasmine, needle-flower jasmine
J. azoricum L.
J. beesianum Forrest & Diels – red jasmine
J. dichotomum Vahl – Gold Coast jasmine
J. didymum G.Forst.
J. dispermum Wall.
J. elegans Knobl.
J. elongatum (P.J.Bergius) Willd.
J. floridum Bunge
J. fluminense Vell.
J. fruticans L.
J. grandiflorum L. – Catalan jasmine, jasmin odorant, royal jasmine, Spanish jasmine
J. grandiflorum L.Vell.
J. humile L. – Italian jasmine, Italian yellow jasmine
J. lanceolarium Roxb.
J. laurifolium Roxb. ex Hornem. angel-wing jasmine
J. malabaricum Wight
J. mesnyi Hance – Japanese jasmine, primrose jasmine, yellow jasmine
J. multiflorum (Burm.f.) Andrews – Indian jasmine, star jasmine, winter jasmine
J. multipartitum Hochst. – starry wild jasmine
J. nervosum Lour.
J. nobile C.B.Clarke
J. nudiflorum Lindl. – winter jasmine
J. odoratissimum L. – yellow jasmine
J. officinale L. – common jasmine, jasmine, jessamine, poet's jasmine, summer jasmine, white jasmine
J. parkeri Dunn – dwarf jasmine
J. polyanthum Franch.
J. sambac (L.) Aiton – Arabian jasmine, Sambac jasmine
J. simplicifolium G.Forst.
J. sinense Hemsl.
J. subhumile W.W.Sm.
J. subtriplinerve Blume
J. tortuosum Willd.
J. urophyllum Hemsl.
J. volubile Jacq..
Jasmonates [ edit ]
Jasmine lends its name to jasmonate plant hormones, as methyl jasmonate isolated from the oil of Jasminum grandiflorum jasmonates .[22] ubiquitously across the plant kingdom , having key roles in responses to environmental cues, such as heat or cold stress, and participate in the signal transduction pathways of many plants.[23]
Cultural importance [ edit ]
Jasmine is cultivated commercially for domestic and industrial uses, such as the perfume industry.[24] [25] motiyaa (in Hindi) or mograa (in Marathi) varieties, bunches of jasmine are common.[26] temples , on major thoroughfares, and in major business areas .
A change in presidency in Tunisia in 1987 [27] [28] Tunisian Revolution of 2011 are both called "Jasmine revolutions " in reference to the flower.[29]
"Jasmine " is a common female given name .
The White Jasmine Branch , painting of ink and color on silk by Chinese artist Zhao Chang, early 12th century
Jasmine flowers harvest in Reggio Calabria, Italy (1965)
Symbolism [ edit ]
Several countries and states consider jasmine as a national symbol .
Other plants called "jasmine" [ edit ]
Cape jasmine Gardenia
Carolina jasmine Gelsemium sempervirens
Crape jasmine Tabernaemontana divaricata
Chilean jasmine Mandevilla laxa
Jasmine rice , a type of long-grain rice
Madagascar jasmine Stephanotis floribunda
New Zealand jasmine Parsonsia capsularis
Night-blooming jasmine Cestrum nocturnum
Night-flowering jasmine Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
Orange jasmine Murraya paniculata
Red jasmine Plumeria rubra
Star jasmine, Confederate jasmine Trachelospermum jasminoides
Tree jasmine (disambiguation)
References [ edit ]
^ UniProt . "Jasminum" . Retrieved 2008-06-03 .
^ a b "Tacca J.R.Forst. & G.Forst" . Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2023. Retrieved 25 March 2023 .
^ Sunset Western Garden Book . 1995. pp. 606–607.
^ "Jasminum L." World Flora Online . World Flora Consortium. 2023. Retrieved 25 March 2023 .
^ a b c d e f Singh, A. K. (2006). Flower Crops: Cultivation and Management ISBN 978-81-89422-35-6
^ Townsend, C. C. and Evan Guest (1980). "Jasminum officinale," in Flora of Iraq, Vol. 4.1. Baghdad, pp. 513–519.
^ Ernst Schmidt; Mervyn Lötter; Warren McCleland (2002). Trees and shrubs of Mpumalanga and Kruger National Park ISBN 978-1-919777-30-6
^ Jasminum @ EFloras.org
^ Panda, H. (2005). Cultivation and Utilization of Aromatic Plants ISBN 978-81-7833-027-3 [permanent dead link
^ "Jasminum " . Germplasm Resources Information Network Agricultural Research Service , United States Department of Agriculture .
^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Jasminum fluminense " . The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov) . Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team.
^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Jasminum dichotomum " . The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov) . Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team.
^ "Weeds of the Blue Mountains Bushland – Jasminum polyanthum" . Archived from the original on 2014-02-04.
^ Weekley, Ernest (1921). "Jasmine, Jessamine" . An etymological dictionary of modern English . London J. Murray. p. 779.
^ "Definition of Jasmine" . Merriam-Webster . Retrieved 2022-01-20 .
^ a b "Jasmine" . Online Etymology Dictionary. 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022 .
^ Bayton, Ross (2019). The Gardener's Botanical: An Encyclopedia of Latin Plant Names Royal Horticultural Society . p. 170. ISBN 978-1-78472-677-5
^ USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. "Jasminum L." Germplasm Resources Information Network, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory. Archived from the original on January 26, 2012. Retrieved November 22, 2011 . {{cite web }}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link )
^ GRIN . "Jasminum information from NPGS/GRIN" . Taxonomy for Plants . National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland : USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved October 19, 2012 .
^ Demole E; Lederer, E.; Mercier, D. (1962). "Isolement et détermination de la structure du jasmonate de méthyle, constituant odorant caractéristique de l'essence de jasmin". Helv Chim Acta . 45 2 ): 675–85. doi :10.1002/hlca.19620450233 .
^ Sharma, M; Laxmi, A (2016). "Jasmonates: Emerging Players in Controlling Temperature Stress Tolerance" . Frontiers in Plant Science . 6 doi :10.3389/fpls.2015.01129 PMC 4701901 PMID 26779205 .
^ "What's So Great About the Jasmine Flower?" . Earth.com . Retrieved 2022-04-27 .
^ {{cite web }}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link )
^ "10 Different Types of Jasmine Plants (Photos) - Garden Lovers Club" . www.gardenloversclub.com . 22 February 2020. Retrieved 2022-04-27 .
^ Michael, Ayari; Vincent Geisser (2011). "Tunisie : la Révolution des "Nouzouh"* n'a pas l'odeur du jasmin" (in French). Témoignage chrétien. Archived from the original on 2011-01-28. Retrieved 2011-03-14 .
^ "La révolution par le feu et par un clic" (in French). Le Quotidien d'Oran /moofid.com. 2011-02-25. Archived from the original on 2011-07-14. Retrieved 2011-03-14 .
^ Kim, Elvis H (September 2021). "Democratization and Authoritarianism in the Information Age" . International Area Studies Review . 24 3 ): 205–223. doi :10.1177/22338659211026006 . ISSN 2233-8659 . S2CID 237434616 .
^ Anabel Bachour (23 February 2017). "Damascus, the City of Jasmine" . Peacock Plume, Student Media, The American University of Paris, France. Retrieved 26 May 2019 .
^ Hitt, Christine (1 May 2018). "7 of Hawaii's Most Popular Lei and What Makes Them Unique" . Hawaii Magazine . Retrieved 1 March 2022 .
^ Keputusan Presiden No. 4 Tahun 1993 Archived 2012-04-02 at the Wayback Machine
^ Akhtar, Moin (26 October 2020). "Pakistan National Flower, Animal and Bird" . ILM.com.pk . Retrieved 2 March 2022 .
^ "Philippine National Flower- Sampaguita" . National Museum of the Philippines . 10 November 2021. Retrieved 2 March 2022 .
^ "Symbolic and spiritual meaning of jasmine flowers" . Gardening Tips | Flower Wiki . 2017-01-03. Retrieved 2019-04-25 .
Further reading [ edit ]
External links [ edit ]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
Jasminum .
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jasmine&oldid=1231256101 " C a t e g o r i e s : ● J a s m i n u m ● F l o r a o f S a m o a ● G a r d e n p l a n t s ● I n c e n s e m a t e r i a l ● O l e a c e a e g e n e r a ● T a x a n a m e d b y C a r l L i n n a e u s H i d d e n c a t e g o r i e s : ● A l l a r t i c l e s w i t h d e a d e x t e r n a l l i n k s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h d e a d e x t e r n a l l i n k s f r o m M a r c h 2 0 2 3 ● A r t i c l e s w i t h p e r m a n e n t l y d e a d e x t e r n a l l i n k s ● C S 1 m a i n t : m u l t i p l e n a m e s : a u t h o r s l i s t ● C S 1 m a i n t : n u m e r i c n a m e s : a u t h o r s l i s t ● C S 1 F r e n c h - l a n g u a g e s o u r c e s ( fr ) ● W e b a r c h i v e t e m p l a t e w a y b a c k l i n k s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h s h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n ● S h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n i s d i f f e r e n t f r o m W i k i d a t a ● A r t i c l e s w i t h ' s p e c i e s ' m i c r o f o r m a t s ● A r t i c l e s n e e d i n g a d d i t i o n a l r e f e r e n c e s f r o m M a r c h 2 0 2 3 ● A l l a r t i c l e s n e e d i n g a d d i t i o n a l r e f e r e n c e s ● A r t i c l e s c o n t a i n i n g P e r s i a n - l a n g u a g e t e x t ● A r t i c l e s c o n t a i n i n g M i d d l e P e r s i a n - l a n g u a g e t e x t ● A r t i c l e s c o n t a i n i n g A r a b i c - l a n g u a g e t e x t ● A r t i c l e s n e e d i n g a d d i t i o n a l r e f e r e n c e s f r o m A u g u s t 2 0 1 9 ● C o m m o n s c a t e g o r y l i n k f r o m W i k i d a t a ● W i k i p e d i a a r t i c l e s i n c o r p o r a t i n g a c i t a t i o n f r o m t h e 1 9 1 1 E n c y c l o p a e d i a B r i t a n n i c a w i t h W i k i s o u r c e r e f e r e n c e ● T a x o n b a r s w i t h 2 0 – 2 4 t a x o n I D s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h G N D i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h J 9 U i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h L C C N i d e n t i f i e r s
● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 2 7 J u n e 2 0 2 4 , a t 1 0 : 0 4 ( U T C ) . ● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n . ● P r i v a c y p o l i c y ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● D i s c l a i m e r s ● C o n t a c t W i k i p e d i a ● C o d e o f C o n d u c t ● D e v e l o p e r s ● S t a t i s t i c s ● C o o k i e s t a t e m e n t ● M o b i l e v i e w
