In 1991, as an undergraduate at the University of Washington, Coan designed the Lost in the Mall technique that successfully implanted false memories first in his little brother, then in several subjects in a formal experiment supervised by psychology professor Elizabeth Loftus,[1] and finally in many more subjects in several replication experiments by other researchers.[2] These studies made national news,[3] and contributed to the scientific discrediting of repressed memories. Advocates of recovered-memory therapy criticized Coan's method and attacked Loftus on ethical grounds.[4]
Also as an undergraduate at UW, Coan began working in the marriage lab of psychology professor John Gottman, a collaboration that continued during Coan's doctoral work at the University of Arizona. Coan helped Gottman refine and expand the Specific Affect Coding System (SPAFF), a method for coding human emotion based on close observation of facial expressions—including minute, subtle expressions rarely noticed by untrained observers.[5]
After completing his Ph.D., Coan emerged as a leading authority in interpersonal emotion regulation. Coan researched hand holding first as a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Wisconsin at Madison, and later as a professor at the University of Virginia. Using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Coan showed that holding hands with a spouse relieved subjects' anxiety in response to anticipated threats, and that the degree of relief correlated positively with self-reported relationship quality.[6] This work attracted international media attention,[7] leading to a TED Talk[8] and a recurring on-camera gig as a science expert on National Geographic Network's Brain Games science series.[9] Coan appeared in nine episodes of Brain Games during the 2014 and 2015 seasons.[10]
Coan attracted additional national press coverage for replicating the soothing effect of spousal handholding with committed same-sex couples,[11] and for showing similar effects with close relatives and friends.[12]
Coan's research on the psychological and physical health benefits of strong friend and family networks developed into Social Baseline Theory, which the Boston Globe described as arguing "that the human brain depends upon a sophisticated network of relationships to coordinate cognitive energies and accomplish shared goals, which [Coan] suggests is unique to humans. Unlike most primates, human beings are prepared to have multiple kinds of caregivers, and we tend to cooperate reflexively with one another from an early age. 'We have huge brains that are incredibly metabolically expensive,' Coan says. 'We’re not particularly good at physically defending ourselves compared to other mammals. Friendship is a fundamental feature of how we have been shaped by natural selection to continually adapt and survive.'” [13]
In April 2019, the New York Times consulted Coan on the psychology of physical boundaries in response to the Me Too movement as it applied to the campaign of Democratic presidential candidate Joe Biden.[14]
In the summer of 2018, Coan engaged in activism against the Trump Administration's family separation policy. First, he produced a special Circle of Willis episode, "Children at the Border," featuring interviews with five leading experts detailing the physical and psychological harm the policy inflicts on children.[17] Then, Coan penned a Washington Post op-ed condemning family separation,[18] and was quoted by a Post reporter regarding the effects of family separation and no-touch policies on affected migrant children.[19] In August 2018, Coan joined an amicus brief on behalf of affected children, filed with the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals.[20]
During the 2019–20 COVID-19 outbreak, Coan's hand-holding research attracted additional international media coverage; interviewers asked Coan to discuss how social distancing requirements could impact physical and mental health.[21]
^Coan, James. (1997). Lost in a Shopping Mall: An Experience With Controversial Research. Ethics & behavior. 7. 271-84.
^Loftus, E.F. (1999). "Lost in the Mall: Misrepresentations and Misunderstandings" (PDF) Ethics & Behaviour 9 (1): 51–60.
^Associated Press (1992, August 14), Analyst doubts abuse "memories." Tri-City Herald, A5; Daniel Goleman (1992, July 21), Childhood trauma: Memory or invention? New York Times, C1.
^Lynn S. Crook & Martha C. Dean (1999) "Lost in a Shopping Mall"--A Breach of Professional Ethics, Ethics & Behavior, 9:1, 39-50
^John Gottman et al. (1995), The Specific Affect Coding System (SPAFF) for Observing Emotional Communication in Marital and Family Interaction, Mahway, NJ: Erlbaum; James Coan & John Gottman (2007), The Specific Affect Coding System, in James Coan and John Allen, eds., The Handbook of Emotion Elicitation & Assessment, Oxford University Press.
^Coan, J. A., Schaefer, H. S., & Davidson, R. J. (2006). Lending a Hand: Social Regulation of the Neural Response to Threat. Psychological Science, 17(12), 1032–1039. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01832.x
^Chris Palmer, The Power of Love: James Coan leads a University of Virginia lab that explores how social relationships protect us against stress and keep us healthy American Psychological Association Monitor 50:6 June 2019, p. 68 https://www.apa.org/monitor/2019/06/power-love
