Johan Rockström (born 31 December 1965) is a Swedish scientist, internationally recognized for his work on global sustainability issues. He is joint director[1] of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) in Germany, together with economist Ottmar Edenhofer. Rockström is also chief scientist at Conservation International.[2] He is Professor in Earth System Science at the University of Potsdam[3] and Professor in Water Systems and Global Sustainability, Stockholm University.[4]
Rockström has pioneered work on the planetary boundaries framework, first published in 2009. The nine planetary boundaries presented in the framework, from climate to biodiversity, are argued to be fundamental in maintaining a "safe operating space for humanity.[5]"
Johan Rockström studied at the Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesinUppsala (soil science and hydrology) and at the Institut national agronomique in Paris (agriculture) from 1987 to 1991. He received his Ph.D. in 1997 from Stockholm University, where his research was on "Systems Ecology and Natural Resource Management." Rockström's previous scientific work has included inter- and transdisciplinary topics on global water resources and land use management, as well as socio-ecological resilience and global material cycles.[6]
In 2009, Rockström led the team that developed the Planetary Boundaries framework, a proposed precondition for facilitating human development at a time when the planet is undergoing rapid change.[7] In recognition of this work, Fokus magazine named him "Swede of the Year" for "engaging and exciting work in sustainable development.[8] In 2010, the magazine Miljöaktuellt ranked him the second most influential person in Sweden on environmental issues, and Veckans Affärer gave him its "Social Capitalist Award".[9] In 2011 he chaired the third Nobel Laureate Symposium on Global Sustainability in Stockholm.[10]
In 2020 he became a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina.[17] In 2021, together with David Attenborough, Rockström appeared in the Netflix documentary "Breaking Boundaries" and also released a book called Breaking Boundaries: The Science Behind our Planet.
He has acted as speaker to various high-level international meetings and organisations, such as the World Economic Forum,[18] the General Assembly of the United Nations (UNGA), the United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN)[19] and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Conferences (UNFCCC).[20] Moreover, he is a member of the European Investment Bank Advisory Group.[21]
If we have any chance to prevent the loss of more than a million species, we must halt biodiversity loss now, not in 20 or 30 years. If we want to have any chance of keeping global warming to 1.5C, we need to cut emissions by half over the next nine years.
In 2009, Rockström led an international group of 28 leading academics, who proposed a new Earth system framework for government and management agencies as a precondition for sustainable development. Recognizing that rising human pressures on climate and nature have the potential destabilize the entire Earth system, the framework posits that Earth system processes on the planet have boundaries or thresholds that should not be crossed. Staying within the safe operating space for humanity.[28] delimited by the planetary boundaries safeguards the stable environmental conditions that made the emergence of modern societies possible in the first place and will allow coming generations to develop and thrive. The group identified nine "planetary life support systems" essential for human well-being and attempted to quantify just how far these systems have been pushed already. They then estimated how much further we could go before the risk of "irreversible and abrupt environmental change" which could make Earth less habitable increases.[7] Boundaries can help identify where there is room and define a "safe space for human development", which is an improvement over approaches that aim to minimize human impacts on the planet.[7] Humanity has already transgressed five of the nine planetary boundaries[29] putting the prospects of long-term, equitable human development at risk if permanently and substantially exceeded.
According to critics, the exact location of six of these "planetary boundaries" are not proven but arbitrary, such as the 15% limit of earth use to cropland. It is claimed that increased earth use has increased global well-being. They are also connected to local rather than global consequences.[30][31] The planetary boundaries framework is not a static concept, but requires constant development to reflect progress in its scientific foundation and address the constructive debates around the framework. A broader scientific and conceptual update of the planetary boundaries was published in 2015.[32] More recent publications focused on improving quantifications of individual boundaries,[33] translating global to regional boundaries,[34][35] interconnections and feedbacks between planetary boundaries,[36] and the quantification of hitherto uncertain boundaries.[29]
Johan Rockström et al.: Eat Good – Das Kochbuch, das die Welt verändert. Hildesheim 2019, ISBN978-3-8369-2158-9.
Anders Wijkman, Johan Rockström (2012), Bankrupting Nature: Denying Our Planetary Boundaries (in German), Taylor & Francis, ISBN978-0-415-53969-2
Anders Wijkman, Johan Rockström (2012), Bankrupting Nature: Denying Our Planetary Boundaries (in German), Taylor & Francis, ISBN978-0-415-53969-2
Malin Falkenmark, Johan Rockström (2004), Balancing Water for Humans and Nature: The New Approach in Ecohydrology (in German), Earthscan, ISBN978-1-85383-927-6
Rockström, J., Gupta, J., Lenton, T. M., Qin, D., Lade, S. J., Abrams, J. F., Jacobson, L., Rocha, J.C., Zimm, C., Bai, X., Bala, G., Bringezu, S., Broadgate, W., Bunn, S.E., DeClerck, F., Ebi, K.L., Gong, P., Gordon, C., Kanie, N., Liverman, D., Nakicenovic, N., Obura, D., Ramanthan, V., Verburg, P.H., van Vuuren, D.P., Winkelmann, R. (2021).Identifying a safe and just corridor for people and the planet.Archived 31 March 2022 at the Wayback Machine Earth's Future, 9. | 10.1029/2020EF001866
Steffen, W., J. Rockstrom, K. Richardson, T. M. Lenton, C. Folke, D. Liverman, C. P. Summerhayes, A. D. Barnosky, S. E. Cornell, M. Crucifix, J. F. Donges, I. Fetzer, S. J. Lade, M. Scheffer, R. Winkelmann, H. J. Schellnhuber. 2018. Trajectories of the Earth System in the Athropocene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 115 (33): 8252-8259.
Rockström J, L Karlberg and M Falkenmark (2011) "Global Food Production in a water-constrained world: exploring 'green' and 'blue' challenges and solutions." In Grafton, R. Q. and K. Hussey (eds.) 2011. Water Resources Planning and Management. Cambridge University Press.
Rockström J and L Karlberg (2010) The quadruple squeeze: Defining the safe operating space for freshwater use to achieve a triply green revolution in the Anthropocene. Ambio, 39(3): 257–265. doi:10.1007/s13280-010-0033-4
Hoff H, M Falkenmark, D Gerten, L Gordon, L Karlberg and J Rockström (eds.) (2010) Journal of Hydrology: Green-Blue Water Initiative (GBI), 384(3/4): 175–306.
Enfors, Elin; Barron, Jennie; Makurira, Hodson; Rockström, Johan; Tumbo, Siza (2011). "Yield and soil system changes from conservation tillage in dryland farming: A case study from North Eastern Tanzania". Agricultural Water Management. 98 (11). Elsevier BV: 1687–1695. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2010.02.013. ISSN0378-3774.
Reid, W. V.; Chen, D.; Goldfarb, L.; Hackmann, H.; Lee, Y. T.; Mokhele, K.; Ostrom, E.; Raivio, K.; Rockstrom, J.; Schellnhuber, H. J.; Whyte, A. (11 November 2010). "Earth System Science for Global Sustainability: Grand Challenges". Science. 330 (6006). American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS): 916–917. Bibcode:2010Sci...330..916R. doi:10.1126/science.1196263. ISSN0036-8075. PMID21071651. S2CID39302849.
Kijne, J, J Barron, H Hoff, J Rockström, L Karlberg, J Gowing, SP Wani, D Wichelns (2009) Opportunities to increase water productivity in agriculture with special reference to Africa and South Asia. Stockholm: SEI. SEI project report.
^Meynhardt, Timo (26 June 2023). "Johan Rockström erhält Gemeinwohlpreis". HHL Leipzig Graduate School of Management Press Release. Leipzig: HHL Leipzig Graduate School of Management. pp. 1–3. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
