Jump to content
 







Main menu
   


Navigation  



Main page
Contents
Current events
Random article
About Wikipedia
Contact us
Donate
 




Contribute  



Help
Learn to edit
Community portal
Recent changes
Upload file
 








Search  

































Create account

Log in
 









Create account
 Log in
 




Pages for logged out editors learn more  



Contributions
Talk
 



















Contents

   



(Top)
 


1 Early life  





2 Prisons  





3 Later life  





4 Major works  





5 Family  





6 References  





7 External links  














Joshua Jebb






Français
 

Edit links
 









Article
Talk
 

















Read
Edit
View history
 








Tools
   


Actions  



Read
Edit
View history
 




General  



What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Cite this page
Get shortened URL
Download QR code
Wikidata item
 




Print/export  



Download as PDF
Printable version
 




In other projects  



Wikimedia Commons
Wikisource
 
















Appearance
   

 






From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 


Joshua Jebb
Born8 May 1793[1]
Died26 June 1863(1863-06-26) (aged 70)[1]
Occupation(s)military engineer and the British Surveyor-General of convict prisons

Sir Joshua Jebb, KCB (8 May 1793 – 26 June 1863) was a British officer of the Royal Engineers who participated in the Battle of Plattsburgh on Lake Champlain during the War of 1812,[2] He became Surveyor-General of convict prisons. By 1850, Pentonville Prison which he had designed had become a template for prison construction across the British Empire.[3][4] Michael Ignatieff described Pentonville as "the culmination of a history of efforts to devise a perfectly rational and reformative mode of imprisonment".[5]

Jebb was also involved in designing Woking Convict Invalid Prison, Broadmoor Hospital, a secure mental hospital in Crowthorne in Berkshire, and Mountjoy Prison in the centre of Dublin.

Early life

[edit]

He was born at Chesterfield on 8 May 1793, the eldest son of Joshua Jebb of Walton Hall, Derbyshire and his wife Dorothy, daughter of General Henry Gladwin of Stubbing Court.[6] His father, a grand-nephew of Samuel Jebb and John Jebb (Dean of Cashel), belonged to a family who produced a number of distinguished descendants, and had once had property in England and the West Indies, but he largely lost his wealth.[7] His sister Frances married William Miles (1797–1844), a shipowner and West India merchant, and bought the estate of Firbeck Hall which was later inherited by his descendants.[8]

After passing through the Royal Military AcademyatWoolwich, Jebb was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Royal Engineers on 1 July 1812. He was promoted to first lieutenant on 21 July 1813, and embarked for Canada in the following October.

Jebb served with the army under the command of General Francis de Rottenburg on the frontier of Lower Canada until the summer of 1814, when he joined the army of Lieutenant-general Sir George Prevost in the United States, and took part in the campaign of the autumn of 1814. He was present at the Battle of Plattsburgh, 11 September 1814, and was thanked in general orders.[1]

Jebb's route which he surveyed for the Rideau Canal. Eventually an alternative route was chosen.[9]

In 1816, Jebb completed a survey for a canal which was designed to allow access to the Canadian heartland.[9] His route, however, was not followed by Colonel By in building the Rideau Canal; he had chosen a way between Ottawa River and Kingston where Lake Ontario flows into Saint Lawrence River.

An isometric drawing of Pentonville prison from an 1844 report to J.Jebb[3]

Jebb returned to England in 1820, after an extended service in Canada. He was stationed at Woolwich and afterwards at Hull until December 1827, when he embarked for the West Indies. He was promoted second captain on 26 February 1828, and was invalided home in September 1829. Having recovered his health he was sent to Chatham. Jebb was appointed adjutant of the royal sappers and miners at Chatham on 11 February 1831, and promoted first captain on 10 January 1837.[1]

On 10 March 1838 Jebb was appointed by the Lord President of the council to hold inquiries on the grants of charters of incorporation to Bolton and Sheffield, and on 21 May of the same year he was made a member of the commission on the municipal boundary of Birmingham. On 23 November 1841 he received a brevet majority for his past services.[1]

Prisons

[edit]

Jebb was appointed Surveyor-General of prisons, a technical adviser to the Home Office, and was employed in designing county and borough prisons. He associated with the inspectors William Crawford (1788–1847) and the Rev. William Whitworth Russell, in the design and construction of the "Model Prison" at Pentonville. Jebb continued in his military duties, and was quartered at Birmingham until he was seconded on 20 September 1839. The penal system was then in transition. In 1837 inquiries conducted in America by Crawford had led to the adoption in principle of the "separate system" of prison discipline. The decline of penal transportation meant the Government was turning to an alternative method of punishing criminals.[1]

Beginning with a period of strict separation at Pentonville, the convicts were then to be passed to a prison constructed with a view to their employment on public works. For this purpose Jebb designed the prisonatPortland. Similar prisons were subsequently erected at Dartmoor, Chatham, Portsmouth and the Isle of Wight.[1] In 1843–4 Jebb erected a terrace of houses, part of Parkhurst Prison on the Isle of Wight: Nicholson Street, now listed buildings.[10] On 29 June 1843 he was made a commissioner for the government of Pentonville Prison.[1]

In 1844, Jebb was appointed a member of a royal commission to report on the punishment of military crime by imprisonment. The commission recommended the establishment of prisons for the exclusive reception of military prisoners, and under the supervision of an officer to be termed inspector-general of military prisons, who should also supervise provost and regimental cells. Jebb was appointed to this office on 27 December 1844 in addition to his other duties. Subsequently it was held by the officer at the head of civil prisons, at this period a post held by an officer of the Royal Engineers.[1]

Jebb was promoted lieutenant-colonel on 16 April 1847. On 1 May 1849 his appointment as commissioner of Pentonville prison was renewed. In 1850, a board, called the Directors of Convict Prisons, was formed to replace the various bodies which had previously managed the different convict prisons. Jebb was appointed chairman of the board, and under his direction the new system was adopted and developed.[1]

Later life

[edit]

Jebb retired from the army, leaving military service on full pay retirement on 1 January 1850; his successor as Survey General of Prisons was Major Edmund Henderson. He subsequently received the honorary rank of colonel on 28 November 1854. He was made a KCB for his civil services on 25 March 1859. In 1861 and 1862 he served on commissions appointed to consider the construction of embankments of the River Thames, and of communications between the embankment at Blackfriars Bridge and the Mansion House, and between Westminster Bridge and Millbank.

Jebb died suddenly on 26 June 1863 in Charing Cross, London, coming off the omnibus from Parson's Green, where he resided,[11] and was buried in Brookwood Cemetery.

Jebb's grave in Brookwood Cemetery

Major works

[edit]

Jebb's works included:[1]

The 3rd edition of his treatise on siege warfare was published in 1860.

Family

[edit]

Jebb married twice; firstly, on 14 June 1830 Mary Legh Thomas, daughter of William Burtinshaw Thomas, of Highfield, Derbyshire, who died in 1850. They had a son and three daughters. The children were:[13]

Jebb married, secondly on 5 September 1854, Lady Amelia Rose Pelham, daughter of Thomas Pelham, the Earl of Chichester, who survived him.[1]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Vetch, Robert Hamilton (1892). "Jebb, Joshua" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 29. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 261–262.
  • ^ Kidd, Kenneth E. (1976). "Jebb, Sir Joshua". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. IX (1861–1870) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
  • ^ a b Report of the Surveyor-General of Prisons, London, 1844 reproduced in Mayhew, Criminal Prisons of London, London, 1862
  • ^ Carey, Hilary M. (14 March 2019). Empire of Hell. Cambridge University Press. pp. 184–185. ISBN 978-1-107-04308-4.
  • ^ Ignatieff, Michael (1978). A Just Measure of Pain: The Penitentiary in the Industrial Revolution, 1750-1850. Pantheon Books. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-394-41041-8.
  • ^ Emsley, Clive. "Jebb, Sir Joshua (1793–1863), prison administrator". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  • ^ Jebb, Mrs Gladwyn (1894). A Strange Career: Life and Adventures of John Gladwyn Jebb. W. Blackwood and sons. p. 2.
  • ^ "Philip John Miles 1st Mar 1774 - 24th Mar 1845, Legacies of British Slavery". www.ucl.ac.uk.
  • ^ a b The Rideau Canal's Transformation of a Wilderness Waterway, Ken W. Watson accessed October 2007.
  • ^ Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1233928)". National Heritage List for England.
  • ^ West London Observer, 4 July 1863.
  • ^ A practical treatise on the Duties to be performed ... at a siege, 3rd Edition, London, William Clowes and Son, 1860, London Archived 9 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  • ^ Burke, Bernard (1868). A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain and Ireland. Harrison. p. 48.
  • ^ Walford, Edward (1 January 1860). The county families of the United Kingdom; or, Royal manual of the titled and untitled aristocracy of England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. Dalcassian Publishing Company. p. 722.
  • ^ Foster, Joseph (1888–1892). "https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/batty-francis-de-witt-5155" . Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715–1886. Oxford: Parker and Co – via Wikisource.
  • ^ Cable, K. J. "Batty, Francis de Witt (1879–1961)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University.
  • [edit]

    Attribution

     This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domainVetch, Robert Hamilton (1892). "Jebb, Joshua". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 29. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 261–262.


    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joshua_Jebb&oldid=1225204619"

    Categories: 
    1793 births
    1863 deaths
    Royal Engineers officers
    British Army personnel of the War of 1812
    Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
    People from Chesterfield, Derbyshire
    19th-century Australian public servants
    Hidden categories: 
    Articles incorporating Cite DNB template
    CS1: long volume value
    Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB
    Webarchive template wayback links
    Use dmy dates from March 2022
    Articles with hCards
    Commons category link is on Wikidata
    Articles incorporating DNB text with Wikisource reference
    Articles with ISNI identifiers
    Articles with VIAF identifiers
    Articles with WorldCat Entities identifiers
    Articles with GND identifiers
    Articles with J9U identifiers
    Articles with KBR identifiers
    Articles with LCCN identifiers
    Articles with NLG identifiers
    Articles with NTA identifiers
    Articles with PortugalA identifiers
    Articles with SNAC-ID identifiers
    Articles with SUDOC identifiers
     



    This page was last edited on 23 May 2024, at 00:22 (UTC).

    Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.



    Privacy policy

    About Wikipedia

    Disclaimers

    Contact Wikipedia

    Code of Conduct

    Developers

    Statistics

    Cookie statement

    Mobile view



    Wikimedia Foundation
    Powered by MediaWiki