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Contents

   



(Top)
  


1 Characteristics as compared to Go-on  


1.1  In consonants  




1.2  In vowels  






2 See also  




3 References  













Kan-on






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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  

Kan'on is also a Japanese name for the goddess Guanyin.

Kan-on (漢音, Japanese pronunciation: [kaꜜɰ̃.oɴ] or [kaɰ̃.oɴ], "Han sound") is one of the sources of pronunciationofJapanese kanji. They were borrowed during the Tang dynasty (7th to 9th century), introduced by, among others, envoys from Japanese missions to Tang China. This period corresponds with the Japanese Nara period. Kan-on should not be confused with Tō-on "Tang sound", which actually refers to later phonetic loans.

Kan-on is based on the central Chang'an pronunciation of Middle Chinese.[1] The name Kan could refer to the Han dynasty, which also had Chang'an as its capital city.[1] Furthermore, Kan has also become a description for all things Chinese, e.g., Kanji ('Chinese characters').

Kan'on partly displaced the earlier go'on, which were "just imitations of Korean imitations, but Kan-on were imitations of the real things."[1]

A minority of characters never had their Kan-on transmitted to Japan; their Kan-on are sometimes reconstructed in Japanese dictionaries although not specifically marked as such. A few dictionaries go as far as to discard attested Kan-on in favour of more systematic pronunciations.[1]

Characteristics as compared to Go-on

[edit]

In consonants

[edit]
type unvoiced / voiced voiced / nasal zi- / ni- or zy- / ny-
example 神 大 土 地 分 仏 男 女 万 美 無 二児 人刃 日 如 若
Kan-on ɕin tai to tɕi fun futsu dan dʑo ban bi bu dʑi dʑin dʑitsu dʑo dʑaku
Go-on dʑin dai do dʑi bun butsu nan njo man mi mu ni nin nitɕi njo njaku
notes d- / n- b- / m- Mandarin r-, er

In vowels

[edit]
type * / -e -ei / -ai * / -u
examples 衣 気 戯 愛 解 会絵 快怪 外 仮家 下夏 化 花 西斉 体帝 米 礼 素 図 怒 公工口 豆頭 右有 九久 留
Kan-on i ki gi ai kai くゎい kwai ぐゎいgwai ka くゎkwa sē tē bē rē so to do kō tō iu kiu riu
Go-on e ke ge e ge ue/we ke ge ke ge ke sai tai mai rai su zu nu ku zu u ku ru
Notes Mandarin -i
Type -i- / -o- -e- / -o- -a- / -o- -a- / -ya- -yoku / -iki
Examples 音隠 今金 品 乙 乞 遠園 建 言厳 越 叛 発 行 客 白 色拭 食 直 力
Kan-on in kin hin itsu kitsu uen/wen ken gen uetsu/wetsu han hatsu kau kaku haku ɕoku tɕoku rjoku
Go-on on kon hon otsu kotsu won/on kon gon otɕi/wotɕi hon hotsu gjō kjaku bjaku ɕiki dʑiki dʑiki riki
Notes
Type -e- / -ya- others
Examples 京経 形 正生性声省精 成静 丁挺 定 兵 平病 名命明 霊 役 石赤 寂 暦 牛 月 殺 文聞
Kan-on kē sē tē hē mē rē eki seki reki giu getsu satsu bun
Go-on kjō gjō ɕō dʑō tɕō dʑō hjō bjō mjō rjō jaku ɕaku dʑaku rjaku gu gwatsu setsu mon
Notes Mandarin -ing zheng, cheng, sheng
Japanese vowels

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Miyake, Marc Hideo (2003). Old Japanese: A Phonetic Reconstruction. Routledge. p. 104. ISBN 978-1-134-40373-8.
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