Kangxiwar
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Kangxiwar memorial signage
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Coordinates: 36°12′20″N 78°45′45″E / 36.20556°N 78.76250°E / 36.20556; 78.76250 | |
Country | China |
Region | Xinjiang |
Prefecture | Hotan Prefecture |
County | Pishan County |
Township | Xaidulla |
Elevation | 4,000 m (13,000 ft) |
Kangxiwar | |||||||
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Chinese name | |||||||
Traditional Chinese | 康西瓦 | ||||||
Simplified Chinese | 康西瓦 | ||||||
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Uyghur name | |||||||
Uyghur | كەڭشىۋەر | ||||||
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Kangxiwar (Chinese: 康西瓦; pinyin: Kāng xī wǎ; Uyghur: كەڭشىۋەر)[a] is the location of a deserted town on the southwest side of the Kunlun Mountains. It is on the bank of the Karakash River in the western Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. It is also the base of the route to Hotan from the Karakash valley via the Hindutash pass. According to Chinese sources, Kangxiwar means "place with mine" in Uyghur.[5]
During the Sino-Indian War of 1962, Kangxiwar served as the forward headquarters for the Xinjiang Military Command. The military cemetery of those killed in the war is still located here. There is also a highway maintenance crew house at Kangxiwar at the present time.[6] China National Highway 219 (G219), the Xinjiang-Tibet Highway, runs through here.[5] Following the G219 southeast will lead to Dahongliutan and Tianshuihai,[6] the latter of which is in Aksai Chin. China National Highway 580 is under construction connecting Kangxiwar directly with Hotan.[7] It is scheduled to be completed in 2022.[8][needs update]
Kangxiwar Daban[6]orKoshbel Pass[9][10] (lit. '"twin pass"'[11]) is a mountain pass located at the elevation of 4,250 metres (13,940 ft) downstream to the west.
Before modern era, the area was a thoroughfare of the caravan trade route between Leh and Tarim Basin. The Hindutash Pass, a historical mountain pass through the Kunlun Mountains is just north of here.[12] This place was previously referred to as Sumgal.[2] Literally meaning "three fords" in Tibetic languages,[13] it was a historical ford along with caravan camp. The caravan camp which had a shed[14] was located slightly downstream to the west on the north bank of the Karakash River[15][12] Another camp Ak-Koom was located slightly upstream to the east at the joining of two valleys.[16]
During the 1860s at the time of Dungan Revolt, lawlessness led to the valley being frequented by Kyrgyz robbers who would capture caravans and sell the caravaners into slavery in Badakshan. A fort was set up by the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir (part of the British Indian Empire) downstream near Xaidulla to help protect the caravans.[17]
By the 1930s, it was recorded by European travelers that a settlement of Kyrgyz nomads was located at Kangxiwar.[18][19]
During the 1962 Sino-Indian War, the PLA's Xinjiang Military Command set up the forward headquarters for its operations in the western sector (Aksai Chin) at Kangxiwar.[20] It was commanded by the Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Xinjiang Military Command. The 2nd Infantry Regiment of Xinjiang was stationed here and controlled the bases at Tianwendian, Heweitan, Kongka Pass and in Ngari.[21] Certain activities were supervised directly by PLA General Staff Department.[22] The Chinese soldiers who perished during the Indo-China war were buried at a military cemetery in Kangxiwar along the G219 highway.[23][6] The cemetery contains the graves of over 100 PLA soldiers.[24]
Kangxiwar at an elevation of about 4000m asl has a precipitation of only 36.6 mm.
Sie folgten dem Kara-kash-Tal einige Kilometer nordwärts, um dann von Sumgal (gegenwärtig Kengshewar) über den Ilchi-davan (vermutlich der Paß, der jetzt Hindutash genannt wird) über das K'un-lun-Gebirge bis Bushia (jetzt Pusha)
这就是被称为"新藏线"的219国道。在219国道的新疆段,人们可以很容易地找到一个以居民地形式标识的地形点——康西瓦。康西瓦,维语的意思是"有矿的地方"。
The milestone 425.5 marks Kangxiwa Daban which is 4250M-high. Ride down hard against the wind. When wading across two small rivers near to the interjection of Kangwaxi Revolutionary Martyrs Cemetery, you get to the destination today- the Kangxiwa High-way Keepers' House. ... Reach the Hongliutan ... ride to Tianshuihai Army Service Station
Taking the K86 + 780 ~ K86 + 840 soil high cut slope of the highway section from Hetian to Kangxiwa of G580 line as an example,the reliability calculation of soil high cut slope in the cold region was carried out[permanent dead link]
日前,580国道新疆和田至康西瓦公路项目一标主线沥青路面完成摊铺,为2022年全线通车奠定了坚实基础。
The road climbs again over the 4250m Koshbel Pass to the truck stop of Dahongliutan (4200m), which offers basic food and lodging.
'twin pass' ... Koshbel Dawan (of Kengshewar)
On the Kárákásh River, above Fotásh, is a camping-ground called Sumgal, from which Robert Schlagintweit crossed the Kuen Luen Range by the Hindu-tágh Pass, estimated by him at 17,379 feet high. ... The road by the Hindu-tágh Pass can only be used by foot-passengers.
Gsum "three" ... It is a name very frequent in Tíbet ... Súmgal, in Turkistán ... -- gsum rgal, "the three fords."
Sumgal - An "Aghil" or cattle shed in good pasture land in the Karakash valley.
A Sumgal, 36° 8', 78° 5'; 13,215 ft, on the right bank of the Karakásh river (fuel and grass abundant).
(p33) middle of last map insert (p47) Near here, at Ak-koom, a wide valley known to the Kirghiz as Karajilga, joins from the eastward (p165) Ak-Koom 36°6'N 79°5'E
(p18) the risk of being taken captive and sold as a slave in Badakshan (p37) Shadula - Encampment near a guard-house
Thus it was decided that Norin and Liu should go east as far as possible while Ambolt was to proceed to Kengshewar, the nearest inhabited place on the upper Karakash river, to meet an auxiliary caravan which had been organized by the Swedish missionaries at Yarkand on our request.
Only after crossing a side spur running down from the Kunlun range did we meet a small Qirghiz settlement near Kengshewar.
In response, China deployed two infantry regiments, several autonomous infantry battalions, and supporting artillery--about 6,300 soldiers--under the Xinjiang Military Region's Kangxiwa (Kangxiwar) Headquarters.
Moreover, if attacked, the PLA troops at Galwan were permitted to report directly to the GSD, not through the normal chain of command via the Kangxiwar headquarters and Xinjiang MD.
When they walked into the Kangxiwar Martyrs' Cemetery a couple of days later, Zhang's master told him that the soldiers buried underneath died young in the Sino-Indian War in 1962.
海拔4280米的康西瓦革命烈士陵园,长眠着100多位为国捐躯的革命先烈。