Kemerovo is an amalgamation of, and successor to, several older Russian settlements. A waypoint named Verkhotomsky ostrog was established nearby in 1657 on a road from TomsktoKuznetsk fortress. In 1701, the settlement of Shcheglovsk was founded on the left bank of the Tom; soon it became a village. By 1859, seven villages existed where modern Kemerovo is now: Shcheglovka (or Ust-Iskitimskoye), Kemerovo (named in 1734), Yevseyevo, Krasny Yar, Kur-Iskitim (Pleshki), Davydovo (Ishanovo), and Borovaya. In 1721, coal was discovered in the area. The first coal mines were established in 1907, later a chemical plant was established in 1916. By 1917, the population of Shcheglovo had grown to around 4,000 people.
The area's further development was boosted by the construction of a railway between Yurga and Kolchugino (now Leninsk-Kuznetsky) with a connection between Topki and Shcheglovo. Shcheglovo was granted town status on May 9, 1918, which is now considered to be the date of Kemerovo's founding;[3] and was later known as Shcheglovsk. The town became the central location for the Kuzbass Autonomous Industrial Colony which was established there in 1921. 650 workers from 20 countries settled there and set up what became the Kemerovo Coke Chemical Plant. Some of their descendants visited the modern factory in 2011.[16] On May 27, 1932, Shcheglovsk was renamed Kemerovo[3] and became the administrative center of Kemerovo Oblast in 1943. In 2018, 60 people were killed by a fire in a shopping mall.[17] In 2022, at least 20 people were killed by a fire in a nursing home.
The city was named after the village of Kemerovo, named after the surname of the first settlers of the Kemerovs. The ending "ovo" suggests a toponymic transition through a personal name.[18] The village gave its name to the Kemerovo mine that arose under it. In 1925, the city of Scheglovsk was formed from two neighboring villages Kemerovo and Scheglovo, which in 1932 was renamed to Kemerovo after the name of the mine. According to another version, the name is based on the Turkic word kemer - "cliff, coast, cliff".[19][20] The inhabitants of the city are called: Kemerovochanin, Kemerovochanka, Kemerovochane.[21][22]
The Kemerovo City Council of People's Deputies is a representative body of power comprising 36 deputies. The term of office of deputies is five years.
On 13 March 2011, elections to the Council of People's Deputies were held, following which the seats in the council were distributed as follows: 31 - United Russia, 2 - A Just Russia, and 2 - Patriots of Russia.[23] Grigory Verzhitsky, a representative of United Russia and a deputy from the 16th constituency of Kemerovo, was elected chairman.[24] At the sixty-eighth meeting of the Kemerovo City Council, Verzhitsky's resignation as chairman was accepted at his own request.[25] Since 2017, the city council has been headed by Nikolai Senchurov.[26] Since 2021, the council has been headed by Yuri Andreyev.
The industrialization of Kemerovo was driven and underpinned by coal mining and by the heavy industry based on the availability of coal. It remains an important industrial city, built up during the Soviet period, with important steel, aluminum and machinery based manufacturing plants along with chemical, fertilizer, and other manufacturing industries. Since the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the city's industries have experienced a severe decline, creating high levels of unemployment. Major companies based in the city include Siberian Business Union.
The public transport network of Kemerovo consists of 70 city bus routes (including 6 seasonal), 63 suburban (including 35 seasonal), 53 public taxi routes (including 2 seasonal), 5 tram, and 9 trolleybus routes.[27]
686 transport units enter the streets of the city every day, including:
The fare in public transport is 20 rubles, in express buses - 21 rubles, in fixed-route taxis - 22 rubles (as of March 24, 2019).[29] Free Wi-Fi was used in all Kemerovo trams to attract passenger traffic.[30]
On 6 June 2024, one person was killed and over 140 injured when a tram ran away after apparently suffering a bake failure. Two people were arrested and accused of allowing a disabled tram to operate.[31][32]
The city is served by Kemerovo International Airport that reside 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) to the south-east of the city. It has one runway with artificial turf of class B that is 3,200 metres (10,500 ft) long. The airport is named after the Russian cosmonaut Alexei Leonov, a native of Kuzbass. There are two bus routes to the airport - 101 and 126.
The public interest for bandy is widespread in Russia. 26,000 watched the opening game of the 2011–12 Russian Bandy League when local club Kuzbass played against Dynamo Moscow[33] and Kuzbass is among the very best in the Russian Bandy League.[34] The 2007 Bandy World Championship was held in the city.[35] Female bandy only exists in a few places in Russia. Now Kemerovo is about to start it up.[36][37] Moscow already had two multi-use indoor arenas where bandy can be played. Kemerovo got the first one in Russia specifically built for bandy[38] (today also Khabarovsk and Ulyanovsk have it).[39] Kuzbass plays the matches in the league at Khimik Stadium because of the big public interest. That arena has a capacity of 32000.[40] As it also is equipped with artificial ice, Kemerovo has the best infrastructure for developing bandy in Russia.[41]
Since 2013 there has been a "bandy on boots" tournament for national diasporas living in Kuzbass.[42]
Kemerovo's position gives it a humid continental climate (KöppenDfb) with warm summers and long, severely cold winters. Its average temperatures vary from −17 °C (1 °F) in January to 19 °C (66 °F) in July. It has fairly low precipitation of around 525 mm (20.7 in) annually.
Climate data for Kemerovo (1991–2020, extremes 1955–present)
The heraldic description of the coat of arms of the city of Kemerovo is the following: in the crossed scarlet and black field, there is a narrow golden belt in the form of two diverging heads of grain ears, behind them there is a golden cogwheel that goes down; there is a silver retort in the middle, its neck tilted to the right.
The figures of the coat of arms of the city of Kemerovo symbolize the historically established main directions of the industrial development of the city:
retort - chemical industry;
cogwheel - mechanical engineering;
ears of corn - the fertility of the land associated with the use of mineral fertilizers produced at the chemical enterprises of the city.
The colors used in the coat of arms symbolize:
scarlet (red) - work, courage, energy, and strength;
black color - wisdom, as well as the main wealth of the region, the center of which is the city of Kemerovo, - coal;
silver (white) - pure thoughts, reliability, and kindness;
The flag of the city of Kemerovo is based on the city's coat of arms and repeats its symbolism. It is a rectangular double-sided panel with a width to length ratio of 2:3. It displays figures from the coat of arms of the city of Kemerovo. The colors used are red, black, yellow, and white.[48]
The emblem of Kemerovo displays the monument of Mikhailo Volkov, the discoverer of coal in the area. The sculpture of Mikhailo Volkov displayed on the pedestal fragment styled like a rock. Behind the monument, there is a black triangle that symbolizes a spoil tip. The inscription of the city's name ("Кемерово" in Russian) resides on the diagonal from the left bottom side of the triangle. In the black part of the triangle, the year of the foundation of the city is displayed - "1918".[48]
Numismatics
[edit]Silver coin "Centenary of the Foundation of Kemerovo" (2018)
In 2018 Bank of Russia issued into circulation the commemorative silver coin in denomination of 3 rubles "Centenary of the Foundation of Kemerovo" which displays the statue of Mikhailo Volkov.[49]
Законодательное Собрание Кемеровской области. №10-ОЗ 5 июня 1997 г. «Устав Кемеровской области», в ред. Закона №65-ОЗ от 8 июля 2015 г. «О внесении поправки в Устав Кемеровской области». Вступил в силу по истечении 10 дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Кузбасс", №102, 11 июня 1997 г. (Legislative Assembly of Kemerovo Oblast. #10-OZ June 5, 1997 Charter of Kemerovo Oblast, as amended by the Law #65-OZ of July 8, 2015 On Amending the Charter of Kemerovo Oblast. Effective as of the day which is 10 days after the official publication.).
Кемеровский городской Совет народных депутатов. Постановление №253 от 24 июня 2005 г. «Устав города Кемерово», в ред. Решения №437 от 27 ноября 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Устав города Кемерово». Вступил в силу 1 января 2006 г. Опубликован: "Кемерово", №28, приложение "Официально", 8 июля 2005 г. (Kemerovo City Council of People's Deputies. Resolution #253 of June 24, 2005 Charter of the City of Kemerovo, as amended by the Decision #437 of November 27, 2015 On Amending the Charter of the City of Kemerovo. Effective as of January 1, 2006.).
Совет народных депутатов Кемеровской области. Закон №215-ОЗ от 27 декабря 2007 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Кемеровской области», в ред. Закона №131-ОЗ от 22 декабря 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Кемеровской области『О статусе и границах муниципальных образований』и Закон Кемеровской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Кемеровской области"». Вступил в силу в день, следующий за днём официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Кузбасс", №243, 28 декабря 2007 г. (Council of People's Deputies of Kemerovo Oblast. Law #215-OZ of December 27, 2007 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Kemerovo Oblast, as amended by the Law #131-OZ of December 22, 2014 On Amending the Law of Kemerovo Oblast "On the Status and the Borders of the Municipal Formations" and the Law of Kemerovo Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Kemerovo Oblast". Effective as of the day following the official publication date.).
Совет народных депутатов Кемеровской области. Закон №104-ОЗ от 17 декабря 2004 г. «О статусе и границах муниципальных образований», в ред. Закона №123-ОЗ от 22 декабря 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Кемеровской области "О статусе и границах муниципальных образований"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Кузбасс", №242, 24 декабря 2004 г. (Council of People's Deputies of Chelyabinsk Oblast. Law #104-OZ of December 17, 2004 On the Status and the Borders of the Municipal Formations, as amended by the Law #123-OZ of December 22, 2015 On Amending the Law of Kemerovo Oblast "On the Status and the Borders of the Municipal Formations". Effective as of the official publication date.).
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Salgótarján, Hungary
![Victory Park (Парк Победы) or Zhukov's Park (Парк имени Жукова) in Kemerovo]](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kemerovo_park-pobedy-dandelions.JPG)
Media related to Kemerovo at Wikimedia Commons
Siberia
