J u m p t o c o n t e n t
M a i n m e n u
M a i n m e n u
N a v i g a t i o n
● M a i n p a g e ● C o n t e n t s ● C u r r e n t e v e n t s ● R a n d o m a r t i c l e ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● C o n t a c t u s ● D o n a t e
C o n t r i b u t e
● H e l p ● L e a r n t o e d i t ● C o m m u n i t y p o r t a l ● R e c e n t c h a n g e s ● U p l o a d f i l e
S e a r c h
Search
A p p e a r a n c e
● C r e a t e a c c o u n t ● L o g i n
P e r s o n a l t o o l s
● C r e a t e a c c o u n t ● L o g i n
P a g e s f o r l o g g e d o u t e d i t o r s l e a r n m o r e ● C o n t r i b u t i o n s ● T a l k
( T o p )
1 N a m e s
2 O r t h o g r a p h y
3 P h o n o l o g y
4 P e d a g o g y
5 S e e a l s o
6 R e f e r e n c e s
7 F u r t h e r r e a d i n g
T o g g l e t h e t a b l e o f c o n t e n t s
K o r y o - m a r
9 l a n g u a g e s
● Ε λ λ η ν ι κ ά ● 한 국 어 ● B a h a s a I n d o n e s i a ● М а к е д о н с к и ● 日 本 語 ● Р у с с к и й ● ไ ท ย ● T ü r k ç e ● 中 文
E d i t l i n k s
● A r t i c l e ● T a l k
E n g l i s h
● R e a d ● E d i t ● V i e w h i s t o r y
T o o l s
T o o l s
A c t i o n s
● R e a d ● E d i t ● V i e w h i s t o r y
G e n e r a l
● W h a t l i n k s h e r e ● R e l a t e d c h a n g e s ● U p l o a d f i l e ● S p e c i a l p a g e s ● P e r m a n e n t l i n k ● P a g e i n f o r m a t i o n ● C i t e t h i s p a g e ● G e t s h o r t e n e d U R L ● D o w n l o a d Q R c o d e ● W i k i d a t a i t e m
P r i n t / e x p o r t
● D o w n l o a d a s P D F ● P r i n t a b l e v e r s i o n
A p p e a r a n c e
F r o m W i k i p e d i a , t h e f r e e e n c y c l o p e d i a
Dialect of Korean spoken by the Koryo-saram
This article is about language of the Koryo-saram. For the Korean language as spoken during the Goryeo dynasty, see
Middle Korean .
Koryo-mar (Korean : 고려말 ; Russian : Корё мар ) is a dialect of Korean spoken by Koryo-saram , ethnic Koreans who live in the countries of the former Soviet Union . It is descended from the Hamgyŏng dialect and multiple other varieties of Northeastern Korean .[1] standard Korean ; this may be compounded by the fact that the majority of Koryo-saram today use Russian and not Korean as their first language .[2]
According to German Kim , Koryo-mar is not widely used in the media and is not taught in schools. Thus it can be classified as endangered .[3]
In the speech of Koryo-saram , the language is referred to as Koryo-mar 고려말 корё мар Kore-mar коре мар Kore-mari коре мари
In South Korea , the dialect is referred to as Goryeomal (고려말 Central Asian Korean (중앙아시아한국어
In Russia and other former Soviet states , the language is referred to as Koryo-mar корё мар Koryo-mal' корё маль
Orthography [ edit ]
Speakers do not generally use Koryo-mar as a literary language. Written Korean during the Soviet period tended to follow the North Korean standard language , while both Northern and Southern forms have occurred[clarification needed after the dissolution of the Soviet Union . However, some modern writers, most notably Lavrenti Son , have created plays and short stories in Koryo-mar using Hangul .[4]
A movement for the romanization of Koryo-mar took place in the late 1930s, promoted by various government officials and linguists, but it did not have much success.[5]
Phonology [ edit ]
Characteristics of Koryo-mar distinct from that of Standard Korean include the following phonological differences:[6]
ㄹis [ɾ] or [r ] in all positions except when geminate, where it is pronounced the same as standard Korean
frequent loss of ㄹ before coronal consonants
A pitch accent system that distinguishes minimal pairs; it has two tones, high and low
the retention of MK initial n before [i ] and [j ]
ㄱis [t͡ɕ] before ㅣ
ㄴ and ㅇ at the end of a word are simplified to 이
ㅏ, ㅔ are pronounced as ㅑ; and ㅗ is pronounced as ㅔ
ㅗ, ㅡ are simplified to ㅜ; and ㅣ is interchangeable with ㅡ
[w ] is pronounced as [v ] due to Russian influence
ㅈ is pronounced as ㄷ
ㄱ is pronounced as ㅂ in the middle of a word
Pedagogy [ edit ]
Koryo-mar is not taught as a subject or used as the medium of instruction in any schools. Furthermore, due to the encouragement of younger generations to learn Russian the decline of Koryo-mar usage in families has also accelerated, with most Koryo-saram (with the exception of the elderly) using Koryo-mar words only when talking about food (especially Koryo-saram cuisine ) or possibly certain household items. The Korean language as taught in universities of the post-Soviet states is Standard Korean , with instructors being native to or trained. In one instance, a South Korean professor tried to teach Koryo-mar at Almaty State University , but he did not achieve much success.[7]
However, despite the stark decline in the use of Koryo-mar, certain words, especially regarding food and household items, as well as familial titles to a certain extent have continued to be passed down to varying degrees to younger generations of Koryo-saram through exposure by older generations.
See also [ edit ]
References [ edit ]
^ Kim, German (2009). "Education and Diasporic Language: The Case of Koreans in Kazakhstan" (PDF) . Acta Slavica Iaponica . 27 hdl :2115/39584 . ISSN 0288-3503 .
^ Kim, Phil. "Forced Deportation and Literary Imagination" . Seoul: Academy of Korean Studies . Archived from the original on 2005-07-29. Retrieved 2006-11-20 .
^ Kim, German . "The History, Culture, and Language of Koryo Saram" (PDF) . Seoul: Kyujanggak Institute for Korean Studies. hdl :10371/63513 . Retrieved 2012-08-08 .
^ Tranter, Nicolas (25 June 2012). Tranter, Nicolas (ed.). The Languages of Japan and Korea doi :10.4324/9780203124741 . ISBN 978-1-136-44658-0 {{cite book }}: CS1 maint: date and year (link )
^ Kim, German. "Korean Diaspora in Kazakhstan: Question of Topical Problems for Minorities in Post-Soviet Space" (PDF) . Almaty: Institute of Oriental Studies, National Academy of Sciences.
Further reading [ edit ]
t
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R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koryo-mar&oldid=1225546153 " C a t e g o r i e s : ● K o r e a n d i a l e c t s ● L a n g u a g e s o f K a z a k h s t a n ● L a n g u a g e s o f K y r g y z s t a n ● L a n g u a g e s o f R u s s i a ● L a n g u a g e s o f U k r a i n e ● L a n g u a g e s o f U z b e k i s t a n ● K o r y o - s a r a m c u l t u r e H i d d e n c a t e g o r i e s : ● C S 1 K o r e a n - l a n g u a g e s o u r c e s ( ko ) ● C S 1 m a i n t : d a t e a n d y e a r ● A r t i c l e s w i t h s h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n ● S h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n i s d i f f e r e n t f r o m W i k i d a t a ● A r t i c l e s c o n t a i n i n g K o r e a n - l a n g u a g e t e x t ● P a g e s w i t h u n d e t e r m i n e d I P A ● L a n g u a g e a r t i c l e s w i t h o l d s p e a k e r d a t a ● A l l a r t i c l e s w i t h u n s o u r c e d s t a t e m e n t s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h u n s o u r c e d s t a t e m e n t s f r o m A u g u s t 2 0 1 3 ● L a n g u a g e s w i t h o u t G l o t t o l o g c o d e ● L a n g u a g e a r t i c l e s w i t h I E T F l a n g u a g e t a g ● D i a l e c t s o f l a n g u a g e s w i t h I S O 6 3 9 - 3 c o d e ● A r t i c l e s c o n t a i n i n g R u s s i a n - l a n g u a g e t e x t ● W i k i p e d i a a r t i c l e s n e e d i n g c l a r i f i c a t i o n f r o m D e c e m b e r 2 0 1 9 ● P a g e s w i t h p l a i n I P A
● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 2 5 M a y 2 0 2 4 , a t 0 4 : 0 6 ( U T C ) . ● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n . ● P r i v a c y p o l i c y ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● D i s c l a i m e r s ● C o n t a c t W i k i p e d i a ● C o d e o f C o n d u c t ● D e v e l o p e r s ● S t a t i s t i c s ● C o o k i e s t a t e m e n t ● M o b i l e v i e w
