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(Top) 1 Stratigraphic definition 2 Paleontology 2.1 Reptiles 2.2 Cartilaginous fish 2.3 Mammals 3 Climate 4 See also 5 References 5.1 Footnotes 5.2 Literature 6 External links

Langhian

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Langhian

15.97 – 13.82 Ma

PreꞒ

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Chronology

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←

Messinian salinity crisis^[1]

←

North American prairie expands^[2]

Subdivision of the Neogene according to the ICS, as of 2021.^[3]
Vertical axis: millions of years ago.

Formerly part of

Tertiary Period/System

Etymology

Name formality

Formal

Usage information

Celestial body

Earth

Regional usage

Global (ICS)

Time scale(s) used

ICS Time Scale

Definition

Chronological unit

Age

Stratigraphic unit

Stage

Time span formality

Formal

Lower boundary definition

Not formally defined

Lower boundary definition candidates

Near top of magnetic polarity chronozone C5Cn.1n
Near FAD of the Planktonic Foraminiferan Praeorbulina glomerosa

Lower boundary GSSP candidate section(s)

La Vedova, Italy
St. Peter's Pool, Malta
Astronomically tuned ODP-core

Upper boundary definition

Mi3b Oxygen-isotopic event (Global cooling episode)

Upper boundary GSSP

Ras il Pellegrin section, Fomm ir-Riħ Bay, Malta
35°54′50″N 14°20′10″E / 35.9139°N 14.3361°E

Upper GSSP ratified

2007^[4]

The Langhian is, in the ICS geologic timescale, an ageorstage in the middle Miocene Epoch/Series. It spans the time between 15.97 ± 0.05 Ma and 13.65 ± 0.05 Ma (million years ago) during the Middle Miocene.^[5]

The Langhian was a continuing warming period^[6] defined by Lorenzo Pareto in 1865, it was originally established in the Langhe area north of Ceva in northern Italy, hence the name. The Langhian is preceded by the Burdigalian and followed by the Serravallian Stage.

Stratigraphic definition[edit]

The base of the Langhian is defined by the first appearance of foraminifer species Praeorbulina glomerosa and is also coeval with the top of magnetic chronozone C5Cn.1n. A GSSP for the Langhian Stage was not yet established in 2009.

The top of the Langhian Stage (the base of the Serravallian Stage) is at the first occurrence of fossils of the nanoplankton species Sphenolithus heteromorphus and is located in magnetic chronozone C5ABr.

The Langhian is coeval with the Orleanian and Astaracian European Land Mammal Mega Zones (more precisely: with biozones MN5 and MN6, MN6 starts just below the Langhian-Serravallian boundary^[7]), with the upper Hemingfordian to mid-Barstovian North American Land Mammal Ages,^[5] with mid-Relizian to Luisian Californian regional stages (the Luisian extends barely into the early Serravallian^[5]), with the early-mid Badenian Paratethys stage of Central and eastern Europe,^[7] with the Tozawan stage in Japan (which runs barely into the early Serravallian^[5]), with the late Batesfordian through Balcombian to early Bairnsdalian Australian stages^[5] and with the mid-Cliffdenian to mid-Lillburnian New Zealand stages.^[5]

Paleontology[edit]

Reptiles[edit]

Turtles: Meiolania brevicollis

Cartilaginous fish[edit]

Sharks, rays, skates and relatives

Chlamydoselachidae: †Chlamydoselachus tobleri
Hexanchidae: Hexanchus griseus (includes "H. andersoni" and "H. gigas"), Hexanchus nakamurai (includes "H. vitulus"), Notorynchus cepedianus (includes "N. kempi" and "N. primigenius")

Grizzled Giant Squirrel, Ratufa macroura. Its genus was probably already distinct in the Langhian.

Mammals[edit]

Perissodactyla
- Rhinocerotidae: †Dicerorhinus sansaniensis
Rodentia
- Cricetidae: †Karydomys
- Sciuridae: †Palaeosciurus, ?Ratufa

Climate[edit]

In August 2021, the 6th IPCC report indicated that global temperature was 4°C– 10°C warmer during the Miocene Climatic Optimum (16.9-14.7 Ma ago) than 1850-1900.^[8]

References[edit]

Footnotes[edit]

^ Krijgsman, W.; Garcés, M.; Langereis, C. G.; Daams, R.; Van Dam, J.; Van Der Meulen, A. J.; Agustí, J.; Cabrera, L. (1996). "A new chronology for the middle to late Miocene continental record in Spain". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 142 (3–4): 367–380. Bibcode:1996E&PSL.142..367K. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(96)00109-4.

^ Retallack, G. J. (1997). "Neogene Expansion of the North American Prairie". PALAIOS. 12 (4): 380–390. doi:10.2307/3515337. JSTOR 3515337. Retrieved 2008-02-11.

^ "ICS Timescale Chart" (PDF). www.stratigraphy.org.

^ Hilgen, F. J.; H. A. Abels; S. Iaccarino; W. Krijgsman; I. Raffi; R. Sprovieri; E. Turco; W. J. Zachariasse (2009). "The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Serravallian Stage (Middle Miocene)" (PDF). Episodes. 32 (3): 152–166. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2009/v32i3/002. Retrieved 26 December 2020.

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f GeoWhen (2007)

^ Edward Petuch, Ph.D. Florida Atlantic University, Department of Geosciences."FAU Department of Geosciences". Archived from the original on 2010-06-20. Retrieved 2010-05-01., Author, Cenozoic Seas: The View From Eastern North America. ISBN 0-8493-1632-4

^ ^a ^b Palaeos (2003)

^ "AR6 Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis — IPCC".

Literature[edit]

Wikisource has original works on the topic: Cenozoic#Neogene

Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G. & Smith, A.G.; 2004: A Geologic Time Scale 2004, Cambridge University Press.
Pareto, L.; 1865: Note sur les subdivisions que l'on pourrait établir dans les terrains tertaires de l'Apennin septentrional, Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 2(22), p. 210-277. PDF Archived 2021-01-15 at the Wayback Machine (in French)

External links[edit]

GeoWhen Database - Langhian
Neogene timescale, at the website of the subcommission for stratigraphic information of the ICS
Neogene timescale at the website of the Norwegian network of offshore records of geology and stratigraphy

Geological history of Earth

Cenozoic Era
(present–66.0 Ma)

Quaternary (present–2.58 Ma)

Neogene (2.58–23.0 Ma)

Paleogene (23.0–66.0 Ma)

Mesozoic Era
(66.0–252 Ma)

Cretaceous (66.0–145 Ma)

Jurassic (145–201 Ma)

Triassic (201–252 Ma)

Paleozoic Era
(252–539 Ma)

Permian (252–299 Ma)	Lopingian (252–260 Ma) Guadalupian (260–272 Ma) Cisuralian (272–299 Ma)
Carboniferous (299–359 Ma)	Pennsylvanian (299–323 Ma) Mississippian (323–359 Ma)
Devonian (359–419 Ma)	Late (359–383 Ma) Middle (383–393 Ma) Early (393–419 Ma)
Silurian (419–444 Ma)	Pridoli (419–423 Ma) Ludlow (423–427 Ma) Wenlock (427–433 Ma) Llandovery (433–444 Ma)
Ordovician (444–485 Ma)	Late (444–458 Ma) Middle (458–470 Ma) Early (470–485 Ma)
Cambrian (485–539 Ma)	Furongian (485–497 Ma) Miaolingian (497–509 Ma) Series 2 (509–521 Ma) Terreneuvian (521–539 Ma)

Proterozoic Eon
(539 Ma–2.5 Ga)

Neoproterozoic (539 Ma–1 Ga)

Mesoproterozoic (1–1.6 Ga)

Paleoproterozoic (1.6–2.5 Ga)

Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga)

Hadean Eon (4–4.6 Ga)

ka = kiloannum (thousands years ago); Ma = megaannum (millions years ago); Ga = gigaannum (billions years ago).
See also: Geologic time scale • Geology portal • World portal

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