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F r o m W i k i p e d i a , t h e f r e e e n c y c l o p e d i a
Italian concentration camps include camps from the Italian colonial wars in Africa as well as camps for the civilian population from areas occupied by Italy during World War II . Memory of both camps were subjected to "historical amnesia". The repression of memory led to historical revisionism in Italy[1] and in 2003 the Italian media published Silvio Berlusconi 's statement that Benito Mussolini only "used to send people on vacation".[2] [3]
Colonial wars
[ edit ]
There were numerous war crimes conducted by the Italian Army in the colonies. In Cyrenaica alone between 1929 and 1933 over 40,000 people were killed and 80,000 locked up in concentration camps,[4] out of a total population of just 193,000. According to the historian Ilan Pappé , the fascist regime between 1928 and 1932 killed half the Bedouin population either directly or by starvation in the fields.[5] According to the historian Angelo Del Boca , in 1933, of the approximately 100,000 Libyans deported from Jebel Achdar and Marmarica, more than 40,000 died in the camps.[6]
Name of the camp
Location of camp
Present-day country
Date of establishment
Date of disestablishment
Estimated number of prisoners
Estimated number of deaths
Nocra
Nocra
Eritrea
1930s
1941
1,500[7]
Abyar
Abyar
Libya
1930
1933
3,123[8]
Agedabia
Ajdabiya
Libya
1930
1933
10,000[8]
1,500[9]
El Agheila
El Agheila
Libya
1930
1933
10,900[8]
Marsa Brega
Brega
Libya
1930
1933
21,117[8]
Sid Ahmed el Maghrun
El Magrun
Libya
1930
1933
13,050[8]
4,500[9]
Soluch
Suluq
Libya
1930
1933
20,123[8]
5,500[9]
Derna
Derna
Libya
1930
1933
145[8]
Apollonia
Apollonia
Libya
1930
1933
1,354[8]
Barce
Barce
Libya
1930
1933
538[8]
Driana
Driana
Libya
1930
1933
225[8]
Nufilia
Nufilia
Libya
1930
1933
375[8]
Danane
Mogadishu
Somalia
1935
1941
6,000[8]
3,175[10]
Total
~44 675 [11]
World War II
[ edit ]
Name of the camp
Location of locality
Present-day country
Date of establishment
Date of disestablishment
Estimated number of prisoners
Estimated number of deaths
Bakar
Bakar
Croatia
31 December 1942
1 July 1943
893[12]
100–120[13]
Bolzano
South Tyrol
Italy
September 8, 1943
April 29 and May 3, 1945
11,000
Campagna
Salerno
Italy
15 June 1940
19 September 1943
Chiesanuova
Padua
Italy
June 1942
Ferramonti di Tarsia
Cosenza
Italy
summer 1940
4 September 1943
3,800
Giado
Jadu, Libya
Libya
January 1942
24 January 1943
3,146[14]
564
Gonars
Palmanova
Italy
March 1942
8 September 1943
7,000
453; >500
Mamula
Mamula island
Montenegro
30 May 1942
14 September 1943
2,322
200[15]
Monigo
Treviso
Italy
1 July 1942
May 1945
10,000
187–225
Molat
Molat
Croatia
28 June 1942
8 September 1943
20,000
c. 1,000
Pisticci
Southeast of Pisticci in Camporotondo[17]
Italy[17]
1939[17]
September 13, 1943[17]
Capacity of 1,000[17]
Not stated[17]
Rab , separate camps for Slovenes /Croats and Jews
Rab (Arbe ) island
Croatia
July 1942
11 September 1943
10,000; 15,000
2,000; >3,500; 4,000
Renicci di Anghiari
Arezzo
Italy
October 1942
10,000
159
Risiera di San Sabba [18]
Trieste
Italy
October 1943
April 1945
> 11,500
4,000–5,000[19]
Visco
Palmanova
Italy
winter 1942
Zlarin
Zlarin
Croatia
March 1943
June 1943
2,500
26
Campo di Fossoli
Carpi
Italy
May 1942
March 1944
References
[ edit ]
^ Di Sante, Costantino (2005) Italiani senza onore: I crimini in Jugoslavia e i processi negati (1941–1951) , Ombre Corte, Milano. (Archived by WebCite® )
^ L'Africa del Duce: i crimini fascisti in Africa
^ Ilan Pappé , The Modern Middle East. Routledge, 2005, ISBN 0-415-21409-2 , p. 26.
^ Del Boca, Angelo (11 January 2011). Italiani, brava gente . Neri Pozza Editore. ISBN 9788854504950 . Gli ultimi lager sarebbero stati smantellati nel settembre 1933. Dei 100.000 libici che erano partiti dal Gebel Achdar e dalla Marmarica, ne sarebbero tornati a casa 60.000.
^ Ottolenghi, Gustavo (1997). Gli italiani e il colonialismo: i campi di detenzione italiani in Africa . p. 174. ISBN 9788871983974 .
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Michael R. Ebner. Geoff Simons. Ordinary Violence in Mussolini's Italy . New York, New York, USA: Cambridge University Press, 2011. P. 261.
^ a b c "I campi concentramento per i civili nell'Africa italiana" . criminidiguerra.it . Archived from the original on 2020-11-12.
^ Donatella Strangio. The Reasons for Underdevelopment: The Case of Decolonisation in Somaliland . Springer, 2012. P. 5.
^ Sum among the estimates of the deaths in the Danane camp (source Donatella Strangio), the deaths of all the camps in Italian Libya (source Angelo Del Boca ), and the deaths in the Nocra camp (source Gustavo Ottolenghi).
^ Bakar concentration camp , Online Research project
^ "Talijanski koncentracioni logor Bakar 1941-1943" . Retrieved 7 July 2022 .
^ Maurice M. Roumani: The Jews of Libya . Sussex Academic Press 2007, ISBN 978-1-84519-137-5 , p 34.
^ Dizdar, Zdravko (2005). "Italian Policies Toward Croatians In Occupied Territories During The Second World War" . Hrvatski institut za povijest. p. 196.
^ a b c d e f The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945 (PDF) . Vol. 3. Indiana University Press. pp. 448–449. doi :10.2307/j.ctt22zmbr7.9 . Retrieved 2024-01-23 .
^ "English - Risiera di San Sabba – Monumento Nazionale – Comune di Trieste" . risierasansabba.it . Archived from the original on 2014-02-03.
^ "Trieste ebraica » La Risiera di San Sabba" . moked.it .
Works cited
[ edit ]
External links
[ edit ]
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Italian_concentration_camps&oldid=1226012740 "
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